有机肥替代部分化肥对马铃薯根际微生群落功能多样性的影响
发布时间：2018-08-29 11:21
【摘要】：甘肃省中部沿黄灌区是我省、乃至西北地区最大的加工型马铃薯生产基地,长期过量施用化肥使土壤微生物区系和生物活性受到极大破坏,作物产量对化肥养分的依赖性越来越强。本研究采用“田间试验-稀释平板培养法-现代生物技术-Biolog生态板”相结合的方法,研究了普通有机肥(OF)和生物有机肥(BOF)替代部分化肥(CF)对马铃薯不同生育时期根际土壤中可培养微生物数量和收获期根际土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物熵以及微生物群落功能多样性的影响,旨在为该地区马铃薯生产中的合理施肥、土壤微生物区系的改善和土壤生物活性的提高提供依据。田间试验共设10个处理,分别如下:T1:不施肥(CK)T2:100%化肥(CF)T3:90%CF+3000kg/hm2普通有机肥(OF)T4:90%CF+3000kg/hm2生物有机肥(BOF)T5:80%CF+3000kg/hm2普通有机肥(OF)T6:80%CF+3000kg/hm2生物有机肥(BOF)T7:70%CF+3000kg/hm2普通有机肥(OF)T8:70%CF+3000kg/hm2生物有机肥(BOF)T9:3000kg/hm2普通有机肥(OF)T10:3000kg/hm2生物有机肥(BOF)主要试验结果如下:(1)与单施化肥的处理(T2)相比,所有有机肥替代部分化肥施用量的处理明显改变了马铃薯根际微生物的群落组成,增加了根际细菌和放线菌的数量,减少了真菌的数量,提高了细菌/真菌比以及放线菌/真菌的比值。有机肥替代部分化肥的处理中,微生物数量以80%化肥+3000kg/hm2生物有机肥的处理(T6)效果最为显著。生物有机肥替代化肥比普通有机肥替代化肥更明显的促进了细菌和放线菌数量的增加,抑制了真菌的生长。不同处理不同生育时期微生物数量变化不一致。细菌和放线菌数量分别在淀粉积累期和块茎膨大期达到最多,但真菌数量在淀粉积累期最少。这表明用有机肥替代部分化肥可以调控土壤微生物区系。(2)与单施化肥或单施有机肥相比,有机肥替代部分化肥处理显著增加了马铃薯根际微生物量碳和微生物熵,说明有机肥替代部分化肥可以提高土壤肥力。(3)有机肥替代部分化肥提高了土壤微生物活性,改变了碳源代谢种类,增加了马铃薯根际微生物群落功能多样性。与单施化肥的处理(T2)相比,有机肥替代部分化肥的处理均提高了AWCD(平均孔颜色变率),施用生物有机肥的处理比普通有机肥的高,以用生物有机肥替代20%化肥的处理(T6)最大;主要利用碳源类型由羧酸类和碳水化合物类物质胺类和氨基酸类物质,生物有机肥替代部分化肥的处理碳源相对利用率高与普通有机肥;有机肥替代部分化肥提高了Shannon指数和Mc Intosh指数,降低了Simpson指数。(4)有机肥替代部分化肥对马铃薯产量的影响研究表明:与单施化肥相比,不施肥和单施有机肥的处理均降低了马铃薯产量;有机肥替代部分化肥处理间马铃薯产量差异不显著,3000kg/hm2普通有机肥或生物有机肥替代10%、20%和30%的化肥与当地习惯化肥施用量处理间马铃薯产量差异不显著,且均比单施化肥高6%-12%。说明有机肥替代部分化肥可以提供充足养分,满足马铃薯生育期对养分的需求,保证产量。综上所述,有机肥尤其是生物有机肥替代部分化肥,明显改变了马铃薯根际土壤微生物区系结构,增加了微生物量碳和微生物熵,提高了土壤微生物代谢活性和碳源代谢量,最终改善了土壤微生物群落功能多样性。
[Abstract]:The irrigation area along the Yellow River in the middle part of Gansu Province is the largest potato production base in our province and even in the northwest of China. Long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers has greatly destroyed soil microbial flora and biological activity. Crop yield is increasingly dependent on fertilizers and nutrients. The effects of organic fertilizer (OF) and bio-organic fertilizer (BOF) on the number of culturable microorganisms in rhizosphere soil and microbial biomass carbon, microbial entropy and functional diversity of microbial community in rhizosphere soil at different growth stages and harvest stages of potato were studied by using the method of "Biolog Eco-plate". 10 treatments were set up in the field experiment, as follows: T1: no fertilizer (CK) T2: 100% chemical fertilizer (CF) T3: 90% CF + 3000kg / hm2 general organic fertilizer (OF) T4: 90% CF + 3000kg / hm2 biological organic fertilizer (BOF) T5: 80% CF + 3000kg / hm2 general organic fertilizer (BOF). T6:80%CF+3000kg/hm2 Bio-organic Fertilizer(BOF)T7:70%CF+3000kg/hm2 Ordinary Organic Fertilizer(OF)T8:70%CF+3000kg/hm2 Bio-organic Fertilizer(BOF)T9:3000kg/hm2 Ordinary Organic Fertilizer(OF)T10:3000kg/hm2 Bio-organic Fertilizer(BOF)The main results were as follows: (1) Compared with the treatment of single fertilizer(T2), all organic fertilizers substituted for part of fertilizer. The amount of bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere of potato was increased, the number of fungi was decreased, the ratio of bacteria to fungi and the ratio of actinomycetes to fungi were increased. In the treatment of replacing part of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer, the amount of microorganisms was 80% chemical fertilizer + 3000kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer (T6). The number of bacteria and actinomycetes increased and the growth of fungi was inhibited more obviously than that of organic fertilizer. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes reached the maximum at starch accumulation stage and tuber enlargement stage, respectively, but the number of fungi was inhibited. The amount of microbial biomass carbon and microbial entropy in potato rhizosphere were significantly increased by using organic fertilizer instead of partial chemical fertilizer. (3) The substitution of organic manure for part of chemical fertilizer improved soil microbial activity, changed the types of carbon source metabolism and increased the functional diversity of microbial community in potato rhizosphere. The treatment (T6) with bio-organic fertilizer replacing 20% of chemical fertilizer was the highest for the high level of organic fertilizer; carboxylic acids and carbohydrate amines and amino acids were mainly used as carbon sources, while bio-organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer had higher relative utilization ratio of carbon sources than common organic fertilizer; organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer improved Shannon index and MC. Intosh index decreased Simpson index. (4) The effect of organic fertilizer substitution for partial chemical fertilizer on potato yield was studied. Compared with single chemical fertilizer, no fertilizer and single organic fertilizer treatment decreased potato yield; there was no significant difference in potato yield between organic fertilizer substitution for partial chemical fertilizer treatment, and 3000kg/hm2 common organic fertilizer or biological fertilizer had. There was no significant difference in potato yield between 10%, 20% and 30% organic fertilizer substitution and local conventional chemical fertilizer application, and the difference was 6% - 12% higher than that of single chemical fertilizer application. Substitution of some chemical fertilizers significantly changed the microbial flora structure of potato rhizosphere soil, increased microbial biomass carbon and microbial entropy, increased soil microbial metabolic activity and carbon source metabolism, and ultimately improved the functional diversity of soil microbial community.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S532;S154.3
[Abstract]:The irrigation area along the Yellow River in the middle part of Gansu Province is the largest potato production base in our province and even in the northwest of China. Long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers has greatly destroyed soil microbial flora and biological activity. Crop yield is increasingly dependent on fertilizers and nutrients. The effects of organic fertilizer (OF) and bio-organic fertilizer (BOF) on the number of culturable microorganisms in rhizosphere soil and microbial biomass carbon, microbial entropy and functional diversity of microbial community in rhizosphere soil at different growth stages and harvest stages of potato were studied by using the method of "Biolog Eco-plate". 10 treatments were set up in the field experiment, as follows: T1: no fertilizer (CK) T2: 100% chemical fertilizer (CF) T3: 90% CF + 3000kg / hm2 general organic fertilizer (OF) T4: 90% CF + 3000kg / hm2 biological organic fertilizer (BOF) T5: 80% CF + 3000kg / hm2 general organic fertilizer (BOF). T6:80%CF+3000kg/hm2 Bio-organic Fertilizer(BOF)T7:70%CF+3000kg/hm2 Ordinary Organic Fertilizer(OF)T8:70%CF+3000kg/hm2 Bio-organic Fertilizer(BOF)T9:3000kg/hm2 Ordinary Organic Fertilizer(OF)T10:3000kg/hm2 Bio-organic Fertilizer(BOF)The main results were as follows: (1) Compared with the treatment of single fertilizer(T2), all organic fertilizers substituted for part of fertilizer. The amount of bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere of potato was increased, the number of fungi was decreased, the ratio of bacteria to fungi and the ratio of actinomycetes to fungi were increased. In the treatment of replacing part of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer, the amount of microorganisms was 80% chemical fertilizer + 3000kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer (T6). The number of bacteria and actinomycetes increased and the growth of fungi was inhibited more obviously than that of organic fertilizer. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes reached the maximum at starch accumulation stage and tuber enlargement stage, respectively, but the number of fungi was inhibited. The amount of microbial biomass carbon and microbial entropy in potato rhizosphere were significantly increased by using organic fertilizer instead of partial chemical fertilizer. (3) The substitution of organic manure for part of chemical fertilizer improved soil microbial activity, changed the types of carbon source metabolism and increased the functional diversity of microbial community in potato rhizosphere. The treatment (T6) with bio-organic fertilizer replacing 20% of chemical fertilizer was the highest for the high level of organic fertilizer; carboxylic acids and carbohydrate amines and amino acids were mainly used as carbon sources, while bio-organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer had higher relative utilization ratio of carbon sources than common organic fertilizer; organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer improved Shannon index and MC. Intosh index decreased Simpson index. (4) The effect of organic fertilizer substitution for partial chemical fertilizer on potato yield was studied. Compared with single chemical fertilizer, no fertilizer and single organic fertilizer treatment decreased potato yield; there was no significant difference in potato yield between organic fertilizer substitution for partial chemical fertilizer treatment, and 3000kg/hm2 common organic fertilizer or biological fertilizer had. There was no significant difference in potato yield between 10%, 20% and 30% organic fertilizer substitution and local conventional chemical fertilizer application, and the difference was 6% - 12% higher than that of single chemical fertilizer application. Substitution of some chemical fertilizers significantly changed the microbial flora structure of potato rhizosphere soil, increased microbial biomass carbon and microbial entropy, increased soil microbial metabolic activity and carbon source metabolism, and ultimately improved the functional diversity of soil microbial community.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S532;S154.3
【相似文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 陈祖詹;;浅议有机肥在果树栽培中的应用[J];科技致富向导;2011年36期
2 叶长兵;罗维佳;李文朝;章新;武玉梅;;星云湖藻类总量估算及发酵有机肥利用效益分析[J];海洋湖沼通报;2013年04期
3 李晓杰;赵莹;金慧;尹航;代玉红;秦立武;李江楠;;不同来源有机肥及其配施后辣椒植株增粗效果分析[J];中国野生植物资源;2014年04期
4 王艳萍;高吉喜;刘尚华;杜相革;;有机肥对桃园土壤硝态氮分布的影响[J];应用生态学报;2008年07期
5 金慧;赵莹;赵伟;尹航;秦立武;张秀枝;吴景贵;;施用有机肥后辣椒物质组分的红外光谱[J];北华大学学报(自然科学版);2013年01期
6 李莲芳;耿志席;曾希柏;白玲玉;苏世鸣;;施用有机肥对高砷红壤中小白菜砷吸收的影响[J];应用生态学报;2011年01期
7 薛峰;颜廷梅;杨林章;乔俊;;施用有机肥对土壤生物性状影响的研究进展[J];中国生态农业学报;2010年06期
8 陈士祥;;有机肥提高水稻、生菜产品质量试验研究[J];科技信息(科学教研);2007年19期
9 陈琳;谷洁;高华;王小娟;胡婷;陈智学;;含铜有机肥对土壤酶活性和微生物群落代谢的影响[J];生态学报;2012年12期
10 唐洪广;关于施肥中存在的几个问题[J];内江科技;2001年06期
相关会议论文 前10条
1 黄红英;常志州;朱万宝;马艳;叶小梅;张建英;沙国栋;;有机肥与无公害农产品生产(Ⅱ)——有机肥使用可能产生的负面影响[A];江苏土壤肥料科学与农业环境[C];2004年
2 董元华;王辉;;我国有机肥标准化管理问题的思考[A];第四次全国土壤生物和生物化学学术研讨会论文集[C];2007年
3 李兴盛;;有机肥的农业利用效果[A];四川省循环经济发展模式（Ⅰ）——污泥再生利用[C];2005年
4 常志州;黄红英;季国军;辛红霞;何加骏;;有机肥与无公害农产品生产(Ⅰ)——有机肥在减少作物病害中的作用[A];江苏土壤肥料科学与农业环境[C];2004年
5 李淑仪;郑惠典;廖新荣;张育灿;蓝佩玲;林日强;徐胜光;;无公害蔬菜的有机肥合理施用量探讨[A];第九届中国青年土壤科学工作者学术讨论会暨第四届中国青年植物营养与肥料科学工作者学术讨论会论文集[C];2004年
6 杨思存;霍琳;王建成;芦满济;;有机肥中养分潜量及其再用的意义研究——以白银市兴电灌区北滩乡为例[A];循环农业与新农村建设——2006年中国农学会学术年会论文集[C];2006年
7 张德纯;;科学施用肥料,提高农产品质量安全[A];第七届全国绿色环保肥料（农药）新技术、新产品交流会论文集[C];2008年
8 冯建国;陈伟e，
本文编号：2211051
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/nykj/2211051.html
