山东药乡小流域东沟集水区降雨与产流特征

发布时间：2018-08-31 14:16

【摘要】：小流域是水土流失的基本单元,主要的水土流失来自于径流的冲刷,然而在实测的径流过程中,不仅包括本次降雨所形成的地表径流、地下径流,还包括前期降雨产生的径流尚未退完的那部分水量;需要通过基流分割和流量过程线的分割将多次降雨产生的径流分割开来进行产流计算。为掌握山东山区丘陵区的水土流失动态规律,本研究选取处于山东典型山区丘陵区的泰安药乡小流域东沟集水区,通过控制站测流堰获取降雨径流数据,进行径流计算和洪水过程分割,同时运用直线分割法、基流指数法和数字滤波法进行基流分割,并比较三种方法得出结果的差异,以便找出适合该流域的基流分割方法。主要研究结果如下:(1)药乡小流域东沟集水区的降雨具有明显的季节变化,83.9%的降雨集中在雨季(6-9月),其他月份降水很少,年内分布极不均匀。侵蚀性降雨总计17场次,合计降雨量773.2mm。暴雨量占当年降雨量的52.5%;小雨的降雨次数虽然最多,占了总降雨次数的80%,但是总降雨量小,仅为全年降雨量的11.9%。(2)该集水区2013年径流量为103556.31 m3,产流主要集中在6-8月,且呈周期性变化,产流量、洪峰流量与降雨量有显著相关性;较大的产流都在7月份,日最大产流量为7月23日的16686.92m3,与最大次降雨出现的日期一致。(3)基流指数法计算出的东沟集水区基流量为2928.03m3,数字滤波法计算出的基流量为3429.88m3,其中基流指数法得出的结果与直线分割法得出的2668.15 m3更为接近,说明基流指数法更适合该区域。(4)通过将7月11日到8月5日的5次洪水分割,可以发现涨水历时长的洪水过程退水过程也相应较长,且洪水产生一般都滞后于降雨,前期降雨雨强越大,滞后时间就越短,洪峰值也越高。下一次洪水的起涨点都是该次洪水与上次洪水的拐点,而上一次的洪水从该点处继续退水直到结束。
[Abstract]:Small watershed is the basic unit of soil and water loss, and the main soil erosion comes from runoff erosion. However, in the measured runoff process, not only the surface runoff, but also the underground runoff formed by this rainfall are included. It also includes the part of runoff that has not been returned from the previous rainfall, and the runoff generated by multiple rainfall should be separated and calculated by dividing the basic flow and the flow process line. In order to understand the dynamic law of soil and water loss in the hilly area of Shandong mountainous area, this study selected the Donggou catchment area of Taianyao small watershed, which is located in the hilly area of typical mountainous area of Shandong Province, to obtain the rainfall runoff data through the flow measuring Weir of the control station. The runoff calculation and flood process segmentation are carried out. At the same time, the basic flow segmentation method, the basic flow index method and the digital filtering method are used to segment the basic flow, and the differences of the results obtained by the three methods are compared in order to find out the suitable basic flow segmentation method for the watershed. The main results are as follows: (1) the rainfall in Donggou catchment area of Yaoxiang small watershed has obvious seasonal variation, 83.9% of rainfall is concentrated in rainy season (June-September), the precipitation in other months is very little, and the distribution is very uneven in the year. The total number of erosive rainfall is 17, the total rainfall is 773.2 mm. The storm rainfall accounted for 52.5 percent of the rainfall in that year; although the number of light rains was the most, it accounted for 80 percent of the total rainfall, but the total rainfall was small, which was only 11.9 percent of the annual rainfall. (2) the runoff of the catchment area in 2013 was 103556.31 m3, and the runoff production was mainly concentrated in June and August. There was a significant correlation between runoff and rainfall, and the larger runoff occurred in July. The maximum daily yield is 16686.92 m3 on July 23, which is the same as that of the maximum rainfall. (3) the basic flow rate of Donggou catchment area calculated by the basic current index method is 2928.03m3, and the base flow rate calculated by digital filtering method is 3429.88m3. The results are closer to 2668.15 m ~ 3 obtained by the method of straight line segmentation. (4) by dividing the five floods from July 11 to August 5, it can be found that the process of receding water during the long flood period is also relatively long, and the flood generation generally lags behind the rainfall. The stronger the rainfall, the shorter the lag time and the higher the flood peak. The next flood starts at the inflection point between the flood and the previous flood, from which the previous flood continued to recede until the end.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157

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