水田侧深施肥装置的优化设计与试验
发布时间：2018-08-31 18:41
【摘要】：水稻是我国主要粮食作物,其安全生产具有重大的意义。化肥施用是水稻生长过程中必不可少的环节,化肥深施有着充分利用化肥效能,减少化肥田间挥发,提高化肥利用率,促进水稻生长,提高水稻产量,减少环境污染和水资源污染。设计一种高速作业,通用性强的水田侧深施肥装置,提高水稻产量、保障粮食的安全生产、节本增效、完善水稻生产全程机械化。本文综述了国内外施肥机械的发展现状,分析了水田施肥机械的发展现状及应用情况,针对水田潮湿的工作环境所引起的化肥潮解结块、架空等问题提出水田侧深施肥装置的总体方案。采用理论分析、计算机辅助设计与分析的方法对其关键部件进行设计,并通过试验对水田侧深施肥装置的工作性能和排肥量与影响因素之间的关系进行研究,主要研究工作如下:(1)根据水田施肥机械发展现状及水田机械施肥作业环境和特点,设计一种结构简单可靠的水田侧深施肥装置。(2)根据研究方案设计水田侧深施肥装置组成部件,包括肥料箱、内部组件(横向和纵向螺旋钢丝、肥料筛等)、肥量调节装置、开沟器等组件,使用Pro/E软件分别绘制各组件三维模型,经过干涉检查和尺寸修改,确定水田侧深施肥装置各组件的结构尺寸与装配关系。(3)理论分析了肥量调节装置的结构与机理,使用VB 6.0软件编写肥量调节装置运动分析程序,求得肥量调节装置结构的非劣解群。按照非劣解群的限定范围,使用VS编写肥量调节装置的参数化设计软件,应用该软件得到最优的肥量调节装置结构。(4)按照施肥机械国家标准测试水田侧深施装置的性能指标。采用静态试验和动态试验的方法,试验水田侧深施肥装置的排肥能力、排肥稳定性、排肥均匀性、断条率等性能指标。经数据及理论分析,各项工作指标符合国家施肥机械标准的规定。(5)采用单因素试验分析各试验因子影响排肥量变化的规律。以肥料箱内肥量、试验台车行进速度和肥量调节装置开口直径为试验因子,排肥量为试验指标,采用Design-Expert6.0.1软件分析试验数据,得到各试验因子与试验指标间的变化规律。(6)采用二次正交旋转组合试验,经过Design-Expert 6.0.1软件对试验结果分析,得到各试验因子对试验指标的综合影响规律;分析各试验因子组合状态下对试验指标影响的贡献率,得到各试验因子影响试验指标的主次关系;以寒地水稻不同的土质经济施肥量为基础,优化出水田侧深施肥装置的最佳参数方案。
[Abstract]:Rice is the main food crop in China, and its safe production is of great significance. The application of chemical fertilizer is an essential link in the process of rice growth. The deep application of chemical fertilizer has the effect of making full use of chemical fertilizer, reducing the volatilization of chemical fertilizer in the field, increasing the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, promoting rice growth and increasing rice yield. Reduce environmental pollution and water pollution. A kind of high speed and universal deep fertilization device in paddy field was designed to improve rice yield, ensure the safe production of grain, save cost and increase efficiency, and perfect the mechanization of rice production in the whole process. This paper summarizes the development of fertilizer machinery at home and abroad, analyzes the present situation and application of paddy field fertilization machinery, and aims at the caking of fertiliser moisture caused by wet working environment in paddy field. The overall scheme of side-depth fertilizer application in paddy field is put forward. The key components were designed by means of theoretical analysis, computer aided design and analysis, and the working performance and the relationship between the discharge of fertilizer and the influencing factors were studied through experiments. The main research works are as follows: (1) according to the present situation of the development of paddy field fertilization machinery and the working environment and characteristics of paddy field machinery, a simple and reliable structure of paddy field side deep fertilization device is designed. (2) according to the research scheme, the components of paddy field side depth fertilization device are designed. Including fertiliser box, internal components (transverse and longitudinal spiral wire, fertilizer sieve, etc.), fertilizer regulating device, trench opener and other components, using Pro/E software to draw three dimensional model of each component, after interference inspection and size modification, The structural size and assembly relationship of each component of the fertilizer plant were determined. (3) the structure and mechanism of the fertilizer regulating device were analyzed theoretically, and the kinematic analysis program of the fertilizer regulating device was compiled with VB 6.0 software. The noninferior solution group of the structure of fertilizer regulator is obtained. According to the limited range of non-inferior solution group, the parameterized design software of fertilizer regulating device was compiled with VS, and the optimal structure of fertilizer regulating device was obtained. (4) according to the national standard of fertilization machinery, the performance index of paddy side deep application device was tested. Static and dynamic test methods were used to test the capacity, stability, uniformity, broken strip rate and other performance indexes of the paddy field side depth fertilizer application device, such as the capacity of fertilizer discharge, the stability of fertilizer discharge, the uniformity of fertilizer discharge, and the broken strip rate, and so on. According to the data and theoretical analysis, each work index accords with the regulation of the national fertilization mechanical standard. (5) the single factor experiment is used to analyze the law of the influence of each test factor on the change of fertilizer discharge. Taking the fertilizer quantity in the fertilizer box, the speed of the test-bed and the opening diameter of the fertilizer regulating device as the test factors, and the fertilizer discharge as the test index, the test data were analyzed by Design-Expert6.0.1 software. The rule of variation between the test factors and the test indexes was obtained. (6) by using the quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test and the analysis of the test results by Design-Expert 6.0.1 software, the comprehensive influence law of each test factor on the test index was obtained. Based on the analysis of the contribution rate of each test factor combination to the test index, the primary and secondary relationship of the test index was obtained, which was based on the economic fertilization of different soil quality of rice in cold region. To optimize the optimal parameter scheme of the side-depth fertilization device in the paddy field.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S224.2
本文编号：2215840
[Abstract]:Rice is the main food crop in China, and its safe production is of great significance. The application of chemical fertilizer is an essential link in the process of rice growth. The deep application of chemical fertilizer has the effect of making full use of chemical fertilizer, reducing the volatilization of chemical fertilizer in the field, increasing the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, promoting rice growth and increasing rice yield. Reduce environmental pollution and water pollution. A kind of high speed and universal deep fertilization device in paddy field was designed to improve rice yield, ensure the safe production of grain, save cost and increase efficiency, and perfect the mechanization of rice production in the whole process. This paper summarizes the development of fertilizer machinery at home and abroad, analyzes the present situation and application of paddy field fertilization machinery, and aims at the caking of fertiliser moisture caused by wet working environment in paddy field. The overall scheme of side-depth fertilizer application in paddy field is put forward. The key components were designed by means of theoretical analysis, computer aided design and analysis, and the working performance and the relationship between the discharge of fertilizer and the influencing factors were studied through experiments. The main research works are as follows: (1) according to the present situation of the development of paddy field fertilization machinery and the working environment and characteristics of paddy field machinery, a simple and reliable structure of paddy field side deep fertilization device is designed. (2) according to the research scheme, the components of paddy field side depth fertilization device are designed. Including fertiliser box, internal components (transverse and longitudinal spiral wire, fertilizer sieve, etc.), fertilizer regulating device, trench opener and other components, using Pro/E software to draw three dimensional model of each component, after interference inspection and size modification, The structural size and assembly relationship of each component of the fertilizer plant were determined. (3) the structure and mechanism of the fertilizer regulating device were analyzed theoretically, and the kinematic analysis program of the fertilizer regulating device was compiled with VB 6.0 software. The noninferior solution group of the structure of fertilizer regulator is obtained. According to the limited range of non-inferior solution group, the parameterized design software of fertilizer regulating device was compiled with VS, and the optimal structure of fertilizer regulating device was obtained. (4) according to the national standard of fertilization machinery, the performance index of paddy side deep application device was tested. Static and dynamic test methods were used to test the capacity, stability, uniformity, broken strip rate and other performance indexes of the paddy field side depth fertilizer application device, such as the capacity of fertilizer discharge, the stability of fertilizer discharge, the uniformity of fertilizer discharge, and the broken strip rate, and so on. According to the data and theoretical analysis, each work index accords with the regulation of the national fertilization mechanical standard. (5) the single factor experiment is used to analyze the law of the influence of each test factor on the change of fertilizer discharge. Taking the fertilizer quantity in the fertilizer box, the speed of the test-bed and the opening diameter of the fertilizer regulating device as the test factors, and the fertilizer discharge as the test index, the test data were analyzed by Design-Expert6.0.1 software. The rule of variation between the test factors and the test indexes was obtained. (6) by using the quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test and the analysis of the test results by Design-Expert 6.0.1 software, the comprehensive influence law of each test factor on the test index was obtained. Based on the analysis of the contribution rate of each test factor combination to the test index, the primary and secondary relationship of the test index was obtained, which was based on the economic fertilization of different soil quality of rice in cold region. To optimize the optimal parameter scheme of the side-depth fertilization device in the paddy field.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S224.2
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