渍涝胁迫对水稻生长发育及产量结构的影响

发布时间：2018-09-01 17:53

【摘要】：渍涝胁迫是水稻生产中重要的非生物逆境之一,对水稻生长发育产生严重影响,对水稻品质及产量的提升起到了极大的制约作用。为探讨淹水胁迫对水稻生长发育及产量结构的影响,为水稻涝渍灾害提出科学的防治技术与建议,本研究在2013年采取模拟实验的方式,模拟水稻在分蘖期、孕穗期、抽穗期与乳熟期发生洪涝灾害,着重分析了水稻各个生长时期淹水处理对株高及产量的影响,并经过实验数据的统计、分析与总结得出以下结论：①随着淹水深度的增加与淹水时间的不断延长,水稻发育期会出现不同程度的推迟或提前结束等现象,对水稻生长发育产生严重影响；②无论是早稻或晚稻,在不同生育期,淹水时间与深度不同,使水稻植株的株高之间也存在明显差异。淹水的深度越深、淹水时间越长,水稻植株的株高变化就越大,但是每一个品种都有耐淹限度,一旦超过这一限度,将会阻碍作物的生长,导致生长速度减慢,严重时甚至使作物出现死亡；③早稻在淹水处理之后出现了较为明显的分蘖现象,并且随着淹水时间的延长及淹水深度的不断加深,高位分蘖现象更加明显。由于淹水处理导致作物根系的氧气不足,丧失了原本的活力,黑根数量增多,白根所占的比例相对较少。水稻根部发生的不良变化对分蘖的生长起到了一定的抑制作用,导致新的分蘖茎甚至主茎出现死亡；④本次实验表明,早稻在不同生育期受到淹水处理后,随着淹水时间的延长,产量减产更加明显,具体表现为总粒数、籽粒重、千粒重显著下降,空秕率急剧上升等,进而导致水稻的产量大幅下降。⑤淹水处理对晚稻的影响最终反映在产量与其构成上。晚稻产量与淹水处理的深度与淹水时间有密切关系,随着淹水深度的增加及淹水时间的延长,水稻产量呈现出下降趋势,并且下降幅度逐渐变大,全淹处理5天以上水稻基本绝收。
[Abstract]:Waterlogging stress is one of the important abiotic stresses in rice production, which has a serious impact on the growth and development of rice, and plays a great role in restricting the improvement of rice quality and yield. In order to investigate the effect of flooding stress on rice growth and yield structure, and to provide scientific control techniques and suggestions for rice waterlogging disaster, this study adopted a simulation experiment in 2013 to simulate rice at tillering stage and booting stage. Flood and waterlogging occurred at heading stage and milk-ripening stage. The effects of waterlogging treatment on plant height and yield at different growth stages of rice were analyzed, and the experimental data were analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn from the analysis and conclusion: 1 with the increase of the depth of flooding and the prolongation of the duration of flooding, the development period of rice will be delayed or terminated in different degrees, which will have a serious impact on the growth and development of rice. (2) there were significant differences in plant height between early rice and late rice because of the different flooding time and depth at different growth stages. The deeper the depth of flooding, the longer the duration of flooding, the greater the variation in plant height of rice plants, but each variety has a flood tolerance limit, which, once exceeded, will hinder crop growth and lead to slower growth. In severe cases, the early rice even died after flooding, and the tillering phenomenon was more obvious with the prolongation of flooding time and the deepening of flooding depth. Due to the lack of oxygen in the roots of the crops caused by flooding, the original vigor was lost, the number of black roots increased, and the proportion of white roots was relatively small. The adverse changes in the roots of rice had a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of tillers, which led to the death of the new tiller stems and even the main stems. 4 the experiment showed that the early rice was flooded at different growth stages. With the prolongation of flooding time, the yield decrease was more obvious, such as the total number of grains, grain weight, 1000-grain weight, and the percentage of empty grain increased sharply, etc. The effect of waterlogging treatment on late rice was reflected in yield and its composition. The yield of late rice was closely related to the depth of flooding treatment and the duration of flooding. With the increase of depth of flooding and the prolongation of flooding time, rice yield showed a downward trend, and the extent of decline gradually increased. Total flooding treatment for more than 5 days basic rice harvest.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S511;S422

【参考文献】