玛纳斯河流域平原区土壤螨类群落特征初步研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 21:18

【摘要】：为了探讨玛纳斯河流域平原区不同生境土壤螨类群落特征、季节动态及其群落多样性,本研究选择该流域平原区耕地、灌木林、草地、葡萄园、菜地、人工林等六种不同生境土壤螨类为研究对象,于2013年4月、7月、9月及11月中旬对上述六种不同生境土壤螨类进行了定点采样调查,采用形态特征分类法将土壤螨类进行分类,并应用个体数、类群数、群落多样性指数、丰富度指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数、相似性分析、聚类分析等指标以及甲螨MGP分析等方法研究了土壤螨类群落结构、季节动态及其群落多样性特征。同时,不同生境土壤因子对土壤螨类群落结构及多样性的影响进行了比较研究。主要研究结果如下:1)研究区域六种不同生境共获24 797只成体螨类标本(不包括幼体),隶属于4目70科88属,其中尖棱甲螨属(Ceratozetes)、若甲螨属(Oribatula)、全盾螨属(Holostaspella)、嗜粉螨属(Aleuroglyphus)等4属为优势类群,占总个体数的51.12%;小奥甲螨属(Oppiella)、洼甲螨属(Camisia)、三皱甲螨属(Rhysotritia)、上罗甲螨属(Epilohmannia)、礼服甲螨属(Trhypochthonius)、盖头甲螨属(Tectocepheus)、合若甲螨属(Zygoribatula)、菌甲螨属(Scheloribates)、上厉螨属(Ololaelaps)、尾足螨属(Uroplitella)、厚厉螨属(Pachylaelaps)、美绥螨属(Ameroseius)、植绥螨属(Phytoseius)等13属为常见类群、占总个体数的37.91%。四奥甲螨属(Quadroppia)、珠足甲螨属(Belba)、表珠甲螨属(Epidamaeus)、懒甲螨属(Nothrus)、全大翼甲螨属(Pergalumna)、大翼甲螨属(Galumna)等71属为稀有类群,占总数的10.97%。2)6种不同生境土壤螨类个体数和类群数时空分布均有差异(P0.05)。其中水平分布结果表明,土壤螨类个体数高低顺序依次为人工林(7 503只,30.26%)灌木林(5 847只,23.57%)草地(4 614只,18.60%)葡萄园(3 080只,12.42%)菜地(1 904只,7.68%)耕地(1 849只,7.46%)。类群数分别为:人工林(64属、72.72%)、耕地(42属,47.72%)、草地(53属,60.22%)、葡萄园(44属,50%)、菜地(54属,61.36%)、灌木林(56属,62.5%)。垂直分布结果表明,土壤螨类主要集中分布于表层土壤,0~5cm土层最多(15 632只,63.04%),其次为5~10 cm土层(5 606只,22.61%),在10~15 cm土层中较少(2 563只,10.34%)而在15~20 cm土层中最少(996只,4.02%),不同土层间的个体数差异极显著(P0.01)。土壤螨类个体数在不同季节均有显著性差异(P0.05),不同季节所捕获的土壤螨类总个体数量顺序依次为9月4月7月11月。3)在六种不同生境之间土壤螨类群落多样性均有显著差异(P0.05),其中Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)为:人工林灌木林葡萄园耕地草地菜地。Margalef(M)丰富度指数为:灌木林人工林菜地草地耕地葡萄园。Pielou均匀度指数(P):人工林葡萄园灌木林耕地草地菜地。Simpson优势度指数(S)为:菜地草地耕地葡萄园灌木林人工林。4)不同生境土壤甲螨MGP分析-Ⅰ表明,人工林、耕地、草地、葡萄园、灌木林的群落类型均为O型,菜地为MG型。MGP分析—Ⅱ表明,人工林、葡萄园及灌木林的群落类型为MP型,耕地和菜地的群落类型为P型,菜地的群落类型为M型。5)Jaccard相似性分析来看,葡萄园和人工林,葡萄园和草地的相似度为中等不相似(0.25~0.50)外,其他各生境的相似度为中等相似(0.50~0.75)。6)土壤螨类聚类和排序分析结果表明,六种不同生境分为以耕地、菜地、葡萄园为一组的耕作环境类型,以人工林、灌木林及草地单独的排列在一起,形成林地环境类型,灌木林环境类型和草地环境类型等四大类型。7)研究区土壤环境因子与土壤螨类群落之间的典范对应分析表明,该地区大多数螨类对低含水量土壤环境有较大的耐性,尤其是美绥螨属对干旱和少有机物土壤的耐性大,全盾螨属、全大翼甲螨属、大翼甲螨属、礼服甲螨属等几种螨类表示中性的特点。本研究综合分析表明湿度、植被和土壤差异是影响土壤螨类群落的主要因素。
[Abstract]:In order to study the community characteristics, seasonal dynamics and community diversity of soil mites in different habitats in the plain area of Manas River Basin, six soil mites in different habitats, including cultivated land, shrub forest, grassland, vineyard, vegetable field and plantation, were selected as the research objects. The six mites were not found in April, July, September and mid-November, 2013. Soil mites in the same habitat were sampled and investigated. Soil mites were classified according to morphological characteristics. Individual index, group number, community diversity index, richness index, dominance index, evenness index, similarity analysis, cluster analysis and MGP analysis were used to study soil mite communities. The main results are as follows: 1) A total of 24 797 adult mite specimens (excluding larvae) belonging to 88 genera, 70 families and 4 orders were collected from six different habitats in the study area. Genus Ceratozetes, Oribatula, Holostaspella, Aleuroglyphus, Oppiella, Camisia, Rhysotritia, Epilohmannia, Trhypochthonius and Tetranychus were the dominant groups, accounting for 51.12% of the total individuals. 13 genera (Tectocepheus, Zygoribatula, Scheloribates, Ololaelaps, Uroplitella, Pachylaelaps, Ameroseius, Phytoseius) were the common groups, accounting for 37.91% of the total individuals. 71 genera, including Epidamaeus, Nothrus, Pergalumna and Galumna, were rare, accounting for 10.97% of the total. 2) The spatial and temporal distributions of individual numbers and groups of soil mites in 6 different habitats were different (P 0.05). The second was plantation (7 503, 30.26%) shrub forest (5 847, 23.57%) grassland (4 614, 18.60%) vineyard (3 080, 12.42%) vegetable land (1 904, 7.68%) cultivated land (1 849, 7.46%). The results of vertical distribution showed that soil mites were mainly distributed in the surface soil, with the largest number (15 632, 63.04%) in the 0-5 cm soil layer, followed by 5-10 cm soil layer (5 606, 22.61%), less (2 563, 10.34%) in the 10-15 cm soil layer, and the smallest (996, 4.02%) in the 15-20 cm soil layer. There was a significant difference in the number of individuals among different soil layers (P 0.01). Individual numbers in different seasons were significantly different (P 0.05). The total number of soil mites captured in different seasons was in the order of September, April, July and November. 3). The community diversity of soil mites in six different habitats was significantly different (P 0.05). Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) was: artificial forest shrub vineyard grassland. Margalef (M) richness index: shrub plantation vegetable grassland grassland farmland vineyard. Pielou evenness index (P): artificial forest vineyard shrub land grassland vegetable land. Simpson dominance index (S) is: vegetable grassland grassland grassland grassland vineyard shrub forest plantation. 4) Different habitats soil oribatidae MGP analysis - I showed that artificial forest, cultivated land, grassland. The community types of plantation, vineyard and shrub forest were all O-type, vegetable land was MG-type. MGP analysis-II showed that the community types of plantation, vineyard and shrub forest were MP-type, cultivated land and vegetable land were P-type, vegetable land was M-type. 5) Jaccard similarity analysis showed that the similarity between vineyard and plantation, vineyard and grassland was medium. The results of cluster analysis and ordination analysis showed that the six different habitats were divided into cultivated land, vegetable land and vineyard. The artificial forest, shrub forest and grassland were arranged separately to form forest land environmental type and shrub land environmental type. The canonical correspondence analysis between soil environmental factors and soil mite communities in the study area showed that most of the mites in the study area had greater tolerance to low water content soil environment, especially Meisseria, which had greater tolerance to drought and less organic soil, Total Shield mite, and Total pteronychus mite. The results of this study showed that the difference of soil moisture and vegetation was the main factor affecting soil mite community.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S154.5

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