沧州滨海区耐盐植物引种筛选及种植试验研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 07:32

【摘要】：本研究在结合对研究区基本情况的了解及对当地植物种类资源调查的基础上,选择了22种藤本及乔灌木耐盐树种进行田间引种试验。通过对引进树种成活率的调查、生长量的测定,探讨了这些植物在当地盐地上的适应性及生长状况,并结合对其经济及环境价值的评价,筛选出适宜当地盐土环境生长的耐盐植物;通过扦插及种子盆栽种植试验,对几种引种的耐盐植物进行繁殖方法的探讨,并对各供试材料的扦插苗及种子的耐盐性进行评价。结论如下:(1)对研究区内野生植物的调查发现,沧州滨海地区的野生植物资源共计65种,隶属22科39属,以禾本科、菊科、藜科、豆科植物为主,且以草本植物占绝对优势;根据不同的盐土环境和植物优势种,最终可将研究区内植物群落分为强度耐盐性植物群落—碱蓬群落,中度耐盐性群落—二色补血草群落,以及包括芦苇群落及杂草类植物群落在内的轻度耐盐性群落。其中二色补血草、碱蓬、野西瓜苗3种植物均具有一定的观赏、药用价值,具有较高的开发推广价值。(2)通过田间试验对引种的22种耐盐植物,进行成活率、生长量以及生长状态进行综合调查测定,筛选出12种具有一定耐盐性的引种植物。其中紫薇、合欢、叶用枸杞长势良好,适应性较高,为成活率最高的植物,成活率均达100%,速生白蜡、女贞、桑树、栾树的成活率也达到了85%以上;其次,黄杨、火炬木、木槿、五叶地锦、普通白蜡的成活率也相对较高,成活率在67.5%~70%之间。(3)扦插试验以紫薇、五叶地锦、叶用枸杞,3种对当地土壤环境适应性较好的耐盐植物为试验材料。试验共设有0.0%、0.21%、0.30%、0.42%、0.53%,5个不同含盐量的处理。试验过程中对各植物扦插苗的成活率、生长情况等生理指标进行调查和统计,试验结束后对扦插苗的生根数进行统计,计算抑制率。综合各植物扦插苗生长的表现得出:各植物的耐盐能由强到弱力为,叶用枸杞五叶地锦紫薇;紫薇扦插苗在含盐量为0.21%时其成活率为80%,五叶地锦在含盐量为0.21%、0.30%的土壤中成活率分别为87%和73%,成活率较高,叶用枸杞在土壤含盐量为0.40%左右时,成活率可达90%。(4)种子种植试验以紫薇、五叶地锦、合欢,3种植物的种子为试验材料。通过对各植物种子的出苗率、相对出苗率、相对盐害率等各项耐盐性指标的分析发现,3种植物种子均具有一定的耐盐性。紫薇、五叶地锦、合欢三种植物种子在土壤含盐量为0.21%时的出苗率分别为:78%、87%、75%,3种植物种子中合欢种子的耐盐性最强。
[Abstract]:Based on the understanding of the basic situation of the study area and the investigation of the local plant species resources, 22 species of vine and tree shrub salt tolerant species were selected for field introduction experiment. By investigating the survival rate and measuring the growth of introduced tree species, the adaptability and growth status of these plants on salt ground were discussed, and the economic and environmental value of these plants were evaluated. The salt-tolerant plants suitable for the growth of the local saline soil environment were screened out, and the propagation methods of several introduced salt-tolerant plants were discussed through cutting and seed potted planting experiments, and the salt tolerance of cuttings and seeds of the tested materials were evaluated. The conclusions are as follows: (1) A total of 65 species of wild plants were found in the coastal area of Cangzhou, belonging to 39 genera of 22 families, including Gramineae, Compositae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae, and herbaceous plants. According to the different saline soil environment and plant dominant species, the plant communities in the study area can be divided into strong salt tolerant plant community-Suaeda salsa community, moderate salt tolerance community-bicolor community. And the light salt tolerant community including Reed community and weed plant community. Among them, three kinds of plants, such as Suaeda bicolor, Suaeda salsa and watermelon seedling, all have some ornamental and medicinal value, and have high value of development and popularization. (2) the survival rate of 22 salt-tolerant plants introduced in the field was studied. Through comprehensive investigation and measurement of growth and growth status, 12 introduced plants with certain salt tolerance were selected. Among them, Lagerstroemia, Acacia, and Lycium barbarum have good growth and high adaptability. The survival rate of the plants with the highest survival rate is 100. The survival rate of fast-growing white wax, privet, mulberry and Luan trees has also reached more than 85%; secondly, the survival rate of aspen, torch wood, hibiscus, The survival rate of common white wax was also relatively high, and the survival rate was between 67.5% and 70%. (3) three kinds of salt-tolerant plants with better adaptability to soil environment were used in cutting experiment. The experiment consists of 0. 0. 21 and 0. 30 and 0. 42 and 0. 53, 5 treatments with different salt contents. In the course of the experiment, the survival rate and growth of the cuttings were investigated and counted. After the experiment, the number of rooting of the cuttings was counted and the inhibition rate was calculated. It is concluded that the salt tolerance of each plant can be changed from strong to weak, and the leaf of Lycium barbarum L. with five leaves is Lagerstroemia chinensis. The survival rate of the cuttings was 80 when the salt content was 0.21, and the survival rate was 87% and 73% in the soil with 0.21% salt content, respectively. The survival rate of Lycium barbarum was about 0.40% in the soil. The survival rate can reach 90%. (4) seed planting experiment was conducted with three kinds of seeds of Lagerstroemia chinensis, Artemisia pentaulata and Albopsis acacia as experimental materials. Through the analysis of seedling emergence rate, relative salt damage rate and other salt tolerance indexes of plant seeds, it was found that all three plant seeds had salt tolerance to a certain extent. The emergence rate of three plant seeds of Lagerstroemia rugosa, Acacia pentaulata and Acacia acacia was the highest among the three plant seeds when the salt content in soil was 0.21, respectively, and the seed emergence rate was: 1. 78%, 87. 775 and 75. 75%, among the three kinds of plant seeds, Albizia amurensis seeds had the strongest salt tolerance.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156.42

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