施用沼液和生物炭对杨树林土壤活性有机碳、氮的影响
发布时间：2018-09-03 10:49
【摘要】：沼液是人畜粪便、农作物稻秆等各种有机物经厌氧发酵后的液体残余物。沼液也是一种优质的有机液体肥料,富含动植物生长必需的营养元素,可以改善土壤性质。而生物炭也可以改变土壤的pH、阳离子交换量(CEC)和有机碳等理化性质,同时可以吸附沼液和土壤中的营养物质,起缓释并减少养分淋失损失的作用。目前,中国人工林面积大,且普遍存在地力衰退问题,因此研究沼液和生物炭在人工林中的应用具有十分重要的意义。本文以苏北沿海地区杨树人工林为研究对象,试验采用随机区组设计,设置了4种沼液施用水平,分别为CK(0 m3·hm-2)、L(125 m3·hm-2)、M(250 m3·hm-2)和H(375 m3·hm-2),以及4种生物炭施用水平,分别为B0(0 t·hm-2)、B1(40 t·hm-2)、B2(80 t·hm-2)和B3(120 t·hm-2),研究了沼液和生物炭不同施用水平下的土壤活性有机碳、氮及其季节变化,研究结果表明:(1)施用沼液能显著增加土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)和氮(DON)含量以及微生物生物量氮(MBN);施用沼液显著降低了土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)和MBC/MBN;同时,施用沼液会显著降低土壤pH值,并显著增加土壤NO3--N的含量。土壤pH和NO3--N呈显著的负相关,表明沼液对土壤pH的影响可能与大量铵态氮的输入有关;施用沼液也能显著增加土壤NH4+-N和有效磷的含量,并显著降低土壤C/N,但是沼液对土壤全磷的影响不显著。施用沼液后土壤活性有机碳、氮与土壤pH、NO3--N、有效磷和C/N的变化密切相关,而土壤pH的变化与土壤NO3--N和NH4+-N的积累和转化密切相关。(2)施用生物炭可以显著增加土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)和可溶性有机氮(DON)含量,但会显著降低土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN);生物炭有较高的pH以及它本身含有的灰分元素均可以显著提高土壤pH;施用生物炭也能增加土壤NO3--N、NH4+-N、有效磷和C/N。沼液和生物炭不同施用水平对土壤活性有机碳、氮、pH、NO3--N和有效磷具有显著的交互效应。除土壤有效磷外,沼液对土壤活性有机碳、氮和土壤pH、NO3--N的影响更大,而生物炭对土壤有效磷的影响更大。(3)土壤活性有机碳、氮的季节变化均差异显著,但具体变化趋势不同。不同季节土壤DOC含量表现为:3月份9月份6月份12月份;DON季节动态与DOC相反,表现为:12月份6月份9月份3月份;不同季节土壤MBC表现为:6月份3月份9月份12月份,MBN表现为:6月份3月份、9月份12月份。施用沼液并没有改变土壤活性有机碳、氮的季节动态变化趋势。但是,经重复测量方差分析,沼液对表层土壤活性有机碳、氮的季节变化影响显著;生物炭对土壤MBC和MBN的季节变化影响显著,而对土壤DOC和DON的季节变化影响不显著;沼液和生物炭对土壤MBC和MBN季节变化的交互作用显著,对土壤DOC和DON季节动态的交互作用不显著。表明施用沼液会影响土壤活性有机碳、氮的季节动态,而施用生物炭会影响土壤MBC和MBN的季节动态,生物炭对土壤DOC和DON季节动态影响不显著。
[Abstract]:Biogas slurry is a liquid residue from anaerobic fermentation of human and animal manure, crop straw and other organic matter. Biogas slurry is also a high-quality organic liquid fertilizer, rich in nutrients necessary for the growth of plants and animals, and can improve soil properties. Biochar can also change the physical and chemical properties of soil, such as pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic carbon. It can absorb nutrients from biogas slurry and soil, release nutrients slowly and reduce nutrient leaching loss. At present, China's plantations have a large area, and there is a general decline in soil fertility. Therefore, it is very important to study the application of biogas slurry and biochar in plantations. In this study, four biogas slurry application levels, CK (0 m3.hm-2), L (125 m3.hm-2), M (250 m3.hm-2) and H (375 m3.hm-2), and four biochar application levels, B0 (0 t.hm-2), B1 (40 t.hm-2), B2 (80 t.hm-2) and B3 (120 t.hm-2), were set up in a randomized block design. The results showed that: (1) Biogas slurry significantly increased the contents of soil soluble organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), decreased soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and MBC/MBN, and decreased soil pH value and increased soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) significantly. Soil pH and NO3 - N were negatively correlated, indicating that the effect of biogas slurry on soil pH might be related to the input of large amount of ammonium nitrogen; the application of biogas slurry could also significantly increase the contents of NH4 + - N and available phosphorus, and significantly reduce soil C/N, but the effect of biogas slurry on soil total phosphorus was not significant. Organic carbon and nitrogen were closely related to the changes of soil pH, NO3-N, available phosphorus and C/N, while the changes of soil pH were closely related to the accumulation and transformation of NO3-N and NH4 + - N. (2) Biochar application could significantly increase the contents of soil soluble organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soluble organic nitrogen (DON), but significantly reduce soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soluble organic nitrogen (DON). Biological biomass nitrogen (MBN), higher pH value of biochar and its own ash elements can significantly increase soil pH; application of biochar can also increase soil NO3 - N, NH4 + - N, available phosphorus and C/N. Different levels of biogas slurry and biochar have significant interaction effects on soil active organic carbon, nitrogen, pH, NO3 - N and available phosphorus. Besides available phosphorus, biogas slurry had greater influence on soil active organic carbon, nitrogen, soil pH, NO3--N, while biochar had greater influence on soil available phosphorus. (3) The seasonal variation of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen was significant, but the specific change trend was different. On the contrary, MBC in December, June, September and March, and MBN in different seasons in June, March, September and December showed that MBN in June, March, September and December did not change the seasonal variation trend of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen. However, repeated analysis of variance showed that MBN had a significant effect on surface soil activity. The seasonal variation of soil organic carbon and nitrogen was significant; the seasonal variation of soil MBC and MBN was significantly affected by biochar, but the seasonal variation of soil DOC and DON was not significant; the interaction of biochar and biochar on seasonal variation of soil MBC and MBN was significant, but the interaction of soil DOC and DON was not significant. The seasonal dynamics of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen were affected by biochar application, but the seasonal dynamics of soil MBC and MBN were not significantly affected by biochar application.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714.2;S792.11
本文编号：2219767
[Abstract]:Biogas slurry is a liquid residue from anaerobic fermentation of human and animal manure, crop straw and other organic matter. Biogas slurry is also a high-quality organic liquid fertilizer, rich in nutrients necessary for the growth of plants and animals, and can improve soil properties. Biochar can also change the physical and chemical properties of soil, such as pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic carbon. It can absorb nutrients from biogas slurry and soil, release nutrients slowly and reduce nutrient leaching loss. At present, China's plantations have a large area, and there is a general decline in soil fertility. Therefore, it is very important to study the application of biogas slurry and biochar in plantations. In this study, four biogas slurry application levels, CK (0 m3.hm-2), L (125 m3.hm-2), M (250 m3.hm-2) and H (375 m3.hm-2), and four biochar application levels, B0 (0 t.hm-2), B1 (40 t.hm-2), B2 (80 t.hm-2) and B3 (120 t.hm-2), were set up in a randomized block design. The results showed that: (1) Biogas slurry significantly increased the contents of soil soluble organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), decreased soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and MBC/MBN, and decreased soil pH value and increased soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) significantly. Soil pH and NO3 - N were negatively correlated, indicating that the effect of biogas slurry on soil pH might be related to the input of large amount of ammonium nitrogen; the application of biogas slurry could also significantly increase the contents of NH4 + - N and available phosphorus, and significantly reduce soil C/N, but the effect of biogas slurry on soil total phosphorus was not significant. Organic carbon and nitrogen were closely related to the changes of soil pH, NO3-N, available phosphorus and C/N, while the changes of soil pH were closely related to the accumulation and transformation of NO3-N and NH4 + - N. (2) Biochar application could significantly increase the contents of soil soluble organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soluble organic nitrogen (DON), but significantly reduce soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soluble organic nitrogen (DON). Biological biomass nitrogen (MBN), higher pH value of biochar and its own ash elements can significantly increase soil pH; application of biochar can also increase soil NO3 - N, NH4 + - N, available phosphorus and C/N. Different levels of biogas slurry and biochar have significant interaction effects on soil active organic carbon, nitrogen, pH, NO3 - N and available phosphorus. Besides available phosphorus, biogas slurry had greater influence on soil active organic carbon, nitrogen, soil pH, NO3--N, while biochar had greater influence on soil available phosphorus. (3) The seasonal variation of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen was significant, but the specific change trend was different. On the contrary, MBC in December, June, September and March, and MBN in different seasons in June, March, September and December showed that MBN in June, March, September and December did not change the seasonal variation trend of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen. However, repeated analysis of variance showed that MBN had a significant effect on surface soil activity. The seasonal variation of soil organic carbon and nitrogen was significant; the seasonal variation of soil MBC and MBN was significantly affected by biochar, but the seasonal variation of soil DOC and DON was not significant; the interaction of biochar and biochar on seasonal variation of soil MBC and MBN was significant, but the interaction of soil DOC and DON was not significant. The seasonal dynamics of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen were affected by biochar application, but the seasonal dynamics of soil MBC and MBN were not significantly affected by biochar application.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714.2;S792.11
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