长白山林区叶蜂区系研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 13:14

【摘要】：作者从2014年5月9日至2014年8月22日,前后两次对长白山林区进行了80多天的标本采集,经统计,共采集到叶蜂标本6562号。结合整理中南林业科技大学昆虫系统与进化生物学实验室模式标本室多年来累积的长白山叶蜂标本,经鉴定,长白山的叶蜂共采集到10科70属244种(含亚种),其中中国新纪录属1属：枝跗叶蜂属Armitarsus;中国新纪录种37种,叶蜂新种71种。本文对其中3个新种进行了描述：斑胫元叶蜂Taxonus maculotibialis Wei Chu, sp.nov.、黑翅元叶蜂Taxonus fuscipennis Wei Chu,sp.nov、光眶元叶蜂Taxonus minicarbonarius Wei Chu,sp.nov.。对长白山叶蜂区系成分进行了初步分析。长白山记录分布的70属叶蜂中,跨大地理区的广布型属14属,占总属数的20%；古北型分布16属,占22.9%；东亚型(含源自东亚型的东北亚特有分布型)分布40属,占57.1%。可知,在属级水平上东亚型成分的叶蜂属占长白山记录叶蜂属的一半以上,长白山叶蜂区系的东亚型色彩十分明显。在东亚型成分中,东亚-东北亚型分布12属,占17.1%；东北亚型分布18属,占25.7%；长白山区域特有型分布10属,占14.3%。东北亚型在东亚型叶蜂属中稍占优势,但占比不十分突出。在种级层次,长白山叶蜂中,东亚型分布成分共178种,占总种数的72.9%；跨地理大区的广布型成分共20种,占总种数的8.2%；古北型分布46种,占总种数的18.9%。目前的数据表明,长白山叶蜂区系中,东亚型种类占明显优势。在东亚型分布成分中,东亚-东北亚分布型共52种,占总种数的21.3%；东北亚分布型71种,占总种数的29.1%；长白山地区特有种55种,占比22.5%。东北亚型成分在长白山叶蜂区系中稍占优势,但占比也不十分突处,与叶蜂属级分布情况基本吻合。在叶蜂种级水平上,利用Jacard(1901)相似性计算了长白山叶蜂区系与周边国家和地区的区系相似度,其中相似度大于0.1的有日本、韩国和俄罗斯的东西伯利亚。其中,长白山叶蜂区系与东西伯利亚(南部)叶蜂区系的相似度最高,相似度为0.328。其次是韩国,相似度为0.217,再次是日本,相似度为0.173。其他地区与长白山的相似度均小于0.1。对于东亚叶蜂地理区划,根据长白山叶蜂区系的研究结果,初步认为长白山地区的叶蜂区系属于东亚区的东北亚区,但本区与古北区也具有较密切的关系。
[Abstract]:From May 9, 2014 to Aug. 22, 2014, the author collected more than 80 days of specimens from Changbai Mountain forest area before and after two times. According to statistics, a total of 6562 specimens of leaf bees were collected. In combination with the laboratory model of insect system and evolutionary biology of the University of Forestry Science and Technology of Central South China, the collected samples of the leaf wasp of Mt. Changbai over the years have been identified and identified. A total of 244 species (including subspecies) of 70 genera and 10 families were collected from Changbai Mountain. The new record genera in China include 37 new records of Armitarsus; and 71 new species. In this paper, three new species, Taxonus maculotibialis Wei Chu, sp.nov., Taxonus fuscipennis Wei Chu,sp.nov, Taxonus minicarbonarius Wei Chu,sp.nov.., are described. The floristic composition of leaf wasp in Changbai Mountain was preliminarily analyzed. Of the 70 genera recorded in Changbai Mountain, 14 genera and 14 genera were distributed across large geographical areas, accounting for 20% of the total genera; 16 genera, 22.910; and 40 genera, accounting for 57.1 genera, were distributed in East Asia (including the endemic type of Northeast Asia originating from East Asia). It can be seen that more than half of the recorded genera in Changbai Mountain are East Asian species at the generic level, and the East Asian color of Changbai Mountain wasp fauna is very obvious. Among the East Asian type, 12 genera of East Asia to Northeast Asia type, 18 genera to Northeast Asia type, and 10 genera to 14.3 genera in Changbai Mountain region, accounted for 17.1g and 25.7g, respectively. Northeast Asia type is a little dominant in the genus Eastasia, but the proportion is not very prominent. At the species level, there are 178 species of East Asian type, accounting for 72.9% of the total species, 20 species of broad-distributed species, 8.2% of the total species, and 46 species of paleo-northern type, accounting for 18.9% of the total species. The present data show that the East Asian species are dominant in the Changbai Mountain. Among the distribution components of East Asia, there are 52 species of East Asia to North-East Asia, 71 of Northeast Asia, accounting for 29.1% of the total number of species, and 55 species of endemic species to Changbai Mountain, accounting for 22.5% of the total number of species. The Northeast Asia type is a little dominant in the fauna of Changbai Mountain, but the proportion is not very protruding, which is basically consistent with the distribution of the genus. Based on the similarity of Jacard (1901), the floristic similarity of Changbai Mountain wasp fauna with neighboring countries and regions was calculated at the species level. Among them, East Siberia of Japan, Korea and Russia were more than 0. 1. The similarity between Changbai Mountain wasp fauna and East Siberia (southern) wasp fauna is the highest, and the similarity is 0.328. South Korea, with a similarity of 0.217, followed by Japan, with a similarity of 0.173. The similarity between other regions and Changbai Mountain is less than 0.1. According to the results of the study on the flora of the East Asian wasp, it is preliminarily considered that the flora of the Changbai Mountain belongs to the Northeast Asia of the East Asian region, but it also has a close relationship with the Palaeard region.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S718.7

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