C50堆肥反应器的研究设计

发布时间：2018-09-03 20:49

【摘要】：养殖业的蓬勃发展,所产生的畜禽粪便不能得到及时、有效解决,长期堆放可能滋生大量蝇虫,对养殖业安全以及周边人员健康带来严重威胁。好氧堆肥是一种安全有效的畜禽粪便处理方式,可减少环境污染,实现废物循环利用。本文设计了一种密闭式堆肥反应设备,用来处理养殖场固体废弃物,具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。通过对密闭式堆肥工艺研究与分析,针对养殖场固体废弃物的特性,提出密闭堆肥反应设备的基本要求,确定了C50堆肥反应器基本结构。C50由自动上料装置、出料装置、搅拌机构、曝气系统和传动系统等组成。通过理论分析,对堆肥发酵耗氧量计算与分析,确定C50堆肥反应器所需通风量应大于358 m3/h。对搅拌机构建立数学模型,得到主轴传递扭矩为537350 N-m,对此设计了大扭矩、低转速的棘轮棘爪传动机构,并对棘轮进行三维建模和有限元分析,以棘轮加工成本和棘轮所受最大剪切应力等为指标,得到棘轮的基本参数为：棘轮顶圆直径1140mm、厚度120mmm和齿根圆角50mm,其重量为689kg,所受最大剪切应力为139.8MPa。对设备进行试制,然后对规模化养鸡场产生的鸡粪进行堆肥试验,经过7天发酵周期,堆肥成品呈现黄褐色,含水率为28.83%,种子发芽率为78.3%,种子发芽指数为57.08%,堆肥可认为已经腐熟,对种子无毒性。
[Abstract]:With the vigorous development of breeding industry, the feces produced by livestock and poultry can not be solved in a timely and effective manner, and a large number of flies may be stored in the stock for a long time, which poses a serious threat to the safety of the breeding industry and the health of the people around it. Aerobic composting is a safe and effective way to treat livestock and poultry feces, which can reduce environmental pollution and realize waste recycling. In this paper, a closed composting reaction equipment was designed to treat solid waste from livestock farms, which has certain theoretical significance and practical value. Based on the research and analysis of closed composting process, the basic requirements of closed composting reaction equipment were put forward in view of the characteristics of solid waste in aquaculture farm. The basic structure of C50 composting reactor was determined by automatic feeding device and discharging device. Mixing mechanism, aeration system and transmission system. Through theoretical analysis, the oxygen consumption of compost fermentation was calculated and analyzed, and it was determined that the ventilation requirement of C50 composting reactor should be greater than 358 m3 / h. The mathematical model of the stirring mechanism is established, and the transmission torque of the spindle is 537350 N-m.The ratchet claw transmission mechanism with large torque and low speed is designed, and the three dimensional modeling and finite element analysis of the ratchet are carried out. The basic parameters of ratchet are as follows: diameter of ratchet top circle 1140mm, thickness 120mmm and tooth root angle 50mm, weight 689kg, maximum shear stress 139.8MPa, etc. The basic parameters of ratchet wheel are as follows: diameter of ratchet wheel is 1140mm, thickness of ratchet wheel is 50mm, tooth root angle is 50mm, weight is 689kg, and the maximum shear stress is 139.8 MPA. The equipment was trial-produced, and then the chicken manure from the large-scale chicken farm was composting. After a 7-day fermentation cycle, the compost product presented a yellowish brown color. The moisture content was 28.83%, the seed germination rate was 78.3%, and the seed germination index was 57.08. The compost could be considered as rotten and non-toxic to the seeds.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业机械化科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S224.2

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