海拔与岩性变异对石灰岩发育土壤黏土矿物组成的影响

发布时间：2018-09-04 09:34

【摘要】：用X射线衍射法研究了中亚热带区海拔、岩性变异对石灰岩发育土壤黏土矿物组成的影响。结果表明:在海拔约2 000 m的重庆金佛山山顶区,灰黑色钙质页岩石灰岩发育的黑色石灰土,矿物组成复杂,除伊利石为主外,还有少量蛭石、绿泥石、高岭石和蒙脱石,有一定量的母质残留矿物(滑石和滑间皂石);由砂页岩和灰岩互层母质发育的山地黄棕壤,以蛭石为主,伊利石和高岭石其次,有三水铝石和弱结晶针铁矿。在金佛山中下部(600~1 200 m),石灰岩发育的黄色石灰土以蛭石或伊利石为主,有一定量的高岭石,普遍出现针铁矿。湖南怀化盆地海拔200多米,纯灰岩发育的红色石灰土为伊利石、蛭石和高岭石(含埃洛石)组合型,有结晶好的针铁矿和少量赤铁矿。海拔显著影响高岭石含量、针铁矿结晶度,海拔降低时高岭石含量增加,针铁矿结晶度提高。在金佛山山顶区,石灰岩母质岩性和微地形变异对土壤成土过程和黏土矿物组成影响显著。
[Abstract]:The effects of altitude and lithologic variation on the mineral composition of limestone developed soil clay in the middle subtropical region were studied by X-ray diffraction method. The results show that in the peak area of Jinfushan, Chongqing, where the altitude is about 2 000 m above sea level, the mineral composition of the black lime soil developed from gray and black calcareous shale limestone is very complicated. Besides Illite, there are a few vermiculite, chlorite, kaolinite and montmorillonite in addition to Illite. There are some residual minerals of parent material (talc and soapstone), mountain yellowish brown soil developed from sand shale and limestone interbedded parent material, mainly vermiculite, followed by Illite and kaolinite, tribobsite and weakly crystallized goethite. The yellow lime soil developed in the middle and lower part of Jinfshan (600m 1 200 m), limestone) is mainly vermiculite or Illite, and there is a certain amount of kaolinite. Goethite is commonly found in the yellow lime soil. The red lime soil developed from pure limestone in Huaihua Basin Hunan Province is of the combination of Illite vermiculite and kaolinite (including Erluo stone) with well-crystallized goethite and a small amount of hematite. The content of kaolinite and the crystallinity of goethite are significantly affected by altitude. When the altitude decreases, the content of kaolinite increases and the crystallinity of goethite increases. In the peak area of Jinfu Mountain, the lithology and microtopography variation of limestone have a significant effect on the soil formation process and clay mineral composition.
【作者单位】：西南大学地理科学学院;怀化市蔬菜科学研究所;中国石油青海油田公司勘探开发研究院;西南大学资源环境学院;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(XDJK2011C048,XDJK2015C071)资助~~
【分类号】：S153

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