基于地下水埋深的江汉平原冬小麦防涝渍排水指标确定

发布时间：2018-09-12 12:03

【摘要】：2014—2015年在测坑(筒)分别开展孕穗期、灌浆期冬小麦遭受浅地下水埋深和先涝后渍胁迫试验,研究江汉平原冬小麦关键生育期适宜的地下水埋深。同时,构建不同排水标准计算方法,量化作物相对产量,提出先涝后渍胁迫下的排水指标。结果表明,孕穗期0、20和40 cm地下水位(持续受渍18 d)分别使小麦减产44.78%、17.31%和10.44%,而灌浆期相应减产67.72%、33.70%和10.34%。导致小麦减产的主要原因可能是穗粒数减少和千粒质量降低,建议江汉平原小麦田孕穗期和灌浆期地下水位维持在50 cm左右。先涝后渍过程中涝害使小麦减产幅度大于渍害,可以考虑以受涝历时和降渍历时为控制指标的排水模型、按时间划分涝害和渍害的排水模型,以及涝渍综合水深指标作为江汉平原小麦花后排除涝渍的排水模型。若允许小麦减产15%(即相对产量为85%)作为排水控制标准,建议小麦花后涝渍综合水深指标控制在275.6~283.6 cm·d。
[Abstract]:In 2014-2015, winter wheat was subjected to shallow groundwater depth and waterlogging after waterlogging stress at booting stage and filling stage, respectively, to study the suitable groundwater depth in key growth period of winter wheat in Jianghan Plain. At the same time, different drainage standard calculation methods were constructed to quantify the relative yield of crops, and the drainage indexes under waterlogging and waterlogging stress were put forward. The results showed that the groundwater level of 0 ~ 20 and 40 cm at booting stage (sustained for 18 days) reduced wheat yield by 44.78% and 10.4441%, respectively, while at the filling stage, the yield was reduced by 33.70% and 10.34%, respectively. It was suggested that the groundwater level of wheat field in Jianghan Plain should be maintained at 50 cm at booting stage and filling stage. In the process of waterlogging and waterlogging, the decrease of wheat yield was larger than that of waterlogging. The drainage model, which was controlled by waterlogging duration and waterlogging duration, could be considered as the drainage model of waterlogging and waterlogging damage according to time. The comprehensive water depth index of waterlogging was used as the drainage model of wheat after anthesis in Jianghan Plain. If the yield of wheat is allowed to be reduced by 15% (that is, the relative yield is 85%) as the drainage control standard, it is suggested that the comprehensive water depth index of waterlogging after anthesis should be controlled at 275.6g / 283.6 cm / d.
【作者单位】：长江大学农学院;主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心;湖北省荆州市四湖工程管理局排灌试验站;
【基金】：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203032)
【分类号】：S512.11;S422

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