吉林省春玉米生长期干旱指标研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 12:23

【摘要】：【目的】通过确定春玉米干旱指标为吉林省春玉米防灾减灾对策和措施的制定提供参考和气象依据。【方法】基于吉林省春玉米主要种植区(公主岭、农安、榆树)的历史气象资料,利用平行分析法分析当地春玉米种植气候条件的适应性;采用三次多项式拟合模拟趋势产量,从而分离出气象产量;分析相对气象产量与发育期各旬降水量的Pearson相关性;利用降水量、降水负距平、干燥度3个指标构建了春玉米干旱指标;引入干旱综合风险指数进行风险评估。【结果】(1)春玉米全生育期中,除乳熟-成熟期的温度条件略低外,其余光热条件基本能满足各发育期的要求,影响产量的主要因子是降水条件;(2)通过对丰歉年降水量的对比得到三地春玉米各发育期平均降水量干旱指标:出苗-拔节期为112.8 mm;拔节-抽雄期为102.9 mm;抽雄-乳熟期为139.6 mm;乳熟-成熟期为32.2 mm;(3)以降水负距平和干燥度为指标,由减产率得到三地春玉米全生育期轻旱、中旱、重旱、特旱的的干旱指标;(4)以干燥度为指标,得到各发育期轻旱、中旱、重旱、特旱的干旱指标;(5)公主岭遭受干旱风险较高,农安风险较低,榆树的干旱综合风险指数介于公主岭和农安之间。【结论】根据干旱指标及当地具体情况,农业部门可以制定有针对性的应对干旱措施,从而提高玉米的产量及质量。
[Abstract]:[objective] to provide a reference and meteorological basis for the formulation of countermeasures and measures for disaster prevention and mitigation of spring maize in Jilin Province by determining the drought index of spring maize. [methods] based on the main planting areas of spring maize in Jilin Province (Gongzhuling, Nong'an), Based on the historical meteorological data of elm, the adaptability of local spring maize planting climatic conditions was analyzed by parallel analysis, and the trend yield was simulated by cubic polynomial fitting, and the meteorological yield was separated. The Pearson correlation between relative meteorological yield and different ten days precipitation in development period was analyzed, and drought index of spring corn was constructed by using precipitation, negative anomaly of precipitation and dryness degree. [results] (1) in the whole growth period of spring maize, except for milk-ripening stage, the temperature conditions were lower, and the other light and heat conditions could basically meet the requirements of each development period. The main factors affecting yield are precipitation conditions (2) through the comparison of the annual precipitation of spring maize in three lands, the average precipitation drought index of spring maize at each development stage is 112.8 mm; at emergence and jointing stage, 102.9 mm; at jointing stage and 102.9 mm; in heading stage. The ripening stage was 139.6 mm; milk-ripening and maturing stage was 32.2 mm; (3). The negative distance of precipitation and the degree of dryness were taken as the index. The drought indexes of light drought, moderate drought, heavy drought and special drought in the whole growth period of spring maize in three areas were obtained from the yield reduction rate; (4) the drought indexes of light drought, moderate drought, heavy drought and special drought were obtained by taking dryness degree as the index; (5) Gongzhuling was at high risk of drought. The comprehensive drought risk index of elm is between Gongzhuling and Nongzhuling. [conclusion] according to drought indexes and local conditions, the agricultural sector can formulate targeted drought response measures. So as to improve the yield and quality of maize.
【作者单位】：成都信息工程大学大气科学学院高原气象与环境四川省重点实验室;吉林省气象局;
【基金】：科技部公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201506001)资助
【分类号】：S513;S423

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