转基因作物对土壤微生物多样性影响的研究方法

发布时间：2018-09-18 18:44

【摘要】：土壤微生物是土壤生态系统的一个重要组成部分,对土壤中的生物化学循环起着不可替代的驱动作用。转基因作物在生长过程中会不可避免地与土壤微生物发生交流,开展转基因作物对土壤微生物群落影响的研究对于科学评价转基因作物的潜在风险具有重要意义。随着现代生物技术的不断发展,土壤微生物多样性及其分析方法已经从传统的分离培养发展到从种群角度去研究整个土壤微生态系统内的微生物。但是由于土壤微生物的各种特性(如大部分不可培养、体积微小及群体效应等)和仪器设备检测性能的局限性,单一的研究方法会存在一些弊端,还需要结合其他的手段共同研究土壤生态系统中的微生物多样性。目前,人们对土壤微生物多样性的研究主要包括物种多样性、功能多样性、结构多样性及遗传多样性等4个方面,国内外关于转基因作物对土壤微生物多样性及其群落结构影响的研究方法很多,对常见的研究方法进行了总结,并提出了今后转基因作物对土壤微生物多样性及群落结构影响的研究策略。
[Abstract]:Soil microorganism is an important part of soil ecosystem and plays an irreplaceable driving role in the biochemical cycle of soil. It is inevitable for transgenic crops to communicate with soil microbes in the process of growth. It is of great significance to study the effects of transgenic crops on soil microbial communities for the scientific evaluation of potential risks of transgenic crops. With the development of modern biotechnology, soil microbial diversity and its analytical methods have been developed from the traditional isolation and culture to the study of microbes in the whole soil microecosystem from the perspective of population. However, due to the limitations of the characteristics of soil microbes (such as most of the unculturable, small volume and colony effect) and the testing performance of instruments and equipment, the single research method will have some disadvantages. Microbial diversity in soil ecosystems also needs to be studied in conjunction with other means. At present, the research on soil microbial diversity mainly includes four aspects: species diversity, functional diversity, structural diversity and genetic diversity. There are many methods to study the effects of transgenic crops on soil microbial diversity and community structure. The strategies for the study of the effects of transgenic crops on soil microbial diversity and community structure were also put forward.
【作者单位】：农业部科技发展中心;
【基金】：转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项(2016ZX08012003,2016ZX08011-003)
【分类号】：S154.3

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