中国节水农业科技创新面临的挑战及制约因素

发布时间：2018-10-05 12:25

【摘要】：目前,中国农业用水占总用水比例高达63%。在农业用水保持零增长的条件下,实现粮食产量提高,势必要提高用水效率。未来中国农业水资源状况仍不容乐观,按照《全国水资源综合规划》预测,到2030年,即使在强化节水方案条件下,中国干旱与半干旱地区农业缺水仍将达400亿m3左右。与此同时,随着农村劳动力向城市转移,劳动力成本大幅提高,发展高效节水灌溉迫在眉睫。但实际情况是,节水农业的推广困难重重,中国农业不但受制于缺水状况的长期存在,也面临着科研体制、创新能力等诸多因素的制约。因此,科学而系统地提出节水农业创新国际化的对策与政策及对水管理部门建言就显得意义重大。
[Abstract]:At present, the proportion of agricultural water in total water use in China is as high as 63. Under the condition of keeping zero increase in agricultural water use, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of water use in order to increase grain production. The situation of agricultural water resources in China will not be optimistic in the future. According to the forecast of the National Water Resources Comprehensive Plan, even under the condition of strengthening the water-saving scheme, the agricultural water shortage in arid and semi-arid areas of China will still reach about 40 billion m3 by 2030. At the same time, with the transfer of rural labor force to urban areas, labor costs have increased significantly, and it is urgent to develop efficient water-saving irrigation. But the actual situation is that the popularization of water-saving agriculture is very difficult. Chinese agriculture is not only restricted by the water shortage for a long time, but also faced with many factors, such as scientific research system, innovation ability and so on. Therefore, it is of great significance to put forward scientific and systematic countermeasures and policies for innovation and internationalization of water-saving agriculture and to advise water management departments.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所;西北农林科技大学中国干旱半干旱地区农业发展战略中心;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目“国内外旱区农业发展分析与比较”(编号:Z109021111)
【分类号】：F323.213

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