稻作规模种植气象灾害分析及防灾减灾应用研究

发布时间：2018-10-07 18:15

【摘要】：近年来,随着国家土地流转政策的执行,各地涌现了一大批稻作规模种植大户、专业合作社等,土地集约利用程度大大提高,农业生产效益也实现了大幅度的提升。但是,稻作的规模种植随着种植面积的不断扩大,受天气气候因素的影响和风险也越来越大。本文以湖南省长沙市望城区双季水稻规模种植为研究对象,开展《优质水稻规模种植气象防灾减灾技术研究》科研课题研究,指导稻作规模种植大户、专业合作社等及时获取准确的气象信息,趋利避害开展稻作生产。本文利用插值分析法、网格分析法、统计分析法和回归分析法等方法以及ArcGIS系统,分析了全区的农业生产条件、农业气候资源、农业气象灾害。依据稻作不同生育期对温光水条件的要求,确定了双季早、晚稻生产关键期的农业气象指标。研究期间,通过指导稻作规模种植企业和农民大户科学地制订种植规划和搭配双季水稻品种,及时提供准确的气象信息,合理安排水稻的生产管理,推广应用有效的农业气象防灾减灾适用技术,为当地的水稻生产提供了科学依据,并且产生了显著的经济效益。经过研究总结,得出如下主要结论:(1)基于稻作规模种植的气象灾害风险控制,农民大户最佳种植面积约为33.3-100.0 hm2,企业大户的最佳种植面积约为66.7-266.7 hm2。(2)稻作规模种植企业和农民大户应以各地双季晚稻安全齐穗日期(望城区为9月16日)作为参考依据,科学选择和搭配不同品种的双季稻。(3)应结合当地农业气象灾害特点来确定稻作种植规划、品种搭配,依据不同生育期阶段内天气变化科学调整生产计划,错开农业气象灾害发生时段开展生产活动。(4)推广农业气象适用技术,能有效提高影响水稻生产对低温冷害、高温热害、干旱、洪涝等农业气象灾害的防御能力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the implementation of the national land transfer policy, a large number of large-scale rice planting households, professional cooperatives and so on have emerged. The intensive use of land has been greatly improved, and the efficiency of agricultural production has also been greatly improved. However, with the increasing of planting area, rice planting scale is more and more affected by weather and climate factors. In this paper, based on the large-scale cultivation of double cropping rice in Wangcheng District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, the scientific research topic of "Meteorological disaster Prevention and Mitigation Technology for Large-scale planting of High quality Rice" was carried out to guide the large-scale planting of rice. Professional cooperatives and other timely access to accurate meteorological information, benefit and avoid harm to develop rice production. In this paper, interpolation analysis, grid analysis, statistical analysis, regression analysis and ArcGIS system are used to analyze the agricultural production conditions, agroclimatic resources and agrometeorological disasters in the whole region. According to the requirements of different growing periods of rice on the conditions of warm light and water, the agrometeorological indexes of the key periods of rice production were determined. During the research period, by instructing large-scale rice planting enterprises and large farmers to scientifically formulate planting planning and collocation of double-cropping rice varieties, timely providing accurate meteorological information, and rationally arranging rice production management, The application of effective agrometeorological disaster prevention and mitigation technology provides a scientific basis for local rice production and produces remarkable economic benefits. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Meteorological disaster risk control based on rice planting scale. The optimum planting area of large farmers is about 33.3-100.0 hm2,. The optimum planting area is about 66.7-266.7 hm2. (2) the rice scale planting enterprises and farmers' large households should take the safe full heading date (Wangcheng District is September 16) as the reference basis. Scientific selection and collocation of different varieties of double cropping rice. (3) according to the characteristics of local agrometeorological disasters, it is necessary to determine the planting plan of rice, to match varieties, and to adjust the production plan scientifically according to the weather changes in different growth periods. (4) popularizing agrometeorological application technology can effectively improve the ability of preventing agricultural meteorological disasters such as low temperature chilling injury, high temperature heat hazard, drought, flood and so on.
【学位授予单位】：成都信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S511;S42

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