土壤调理剂对镉污染烟田土壤及烤烟与水稻影响研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 20:19

【摘要】：通过在镉污染的土壤中施用不同浓度的土壤调理剂,研究了土壤调理剂对土壤中镉含量、土壤营养成分和理化性状,以及烟叶镉含量、农艺性状、烟叶物理特性、化学品质、经济性状、水稻稻谷镉含量及水稻产量等方面的影响,主要结果如下：土壤有效态镉含量表现为随土壤调理剂施用量的增加而减少,土壤pH随土壤调理剂施用量的增加而增加,土壤碱解氮含量、有效磷含量、有机质含量、阳离子交换量整体上未发生显著变化,土壤速效钾含量在施用土壤调理剂后表现为先降低后升高的趋势,但各处理的速效钾含量均低于对照。烟叶中镉的含量随叶位的上升而降低,与对照相比,所有处理各部位烟叶镉含量随土壤调理剂施用量的增加显著降低。各处理大田株高、叶长、叶宽、叶片数等主要农艺性状指标均高于对照,且随着土壤调理剂施用量的增加,烤烟的株高、叶长、叶宽先升高后降低,但均高于对照,叶片厚度随土壤调理剂施用量的增加而增加,说明土壤调理剂对烟草的生长有较好的促进作用。烤后烟叶物理特性表现为各处理各部位烟叶叶长与叶宽稍高于对照,单叶重和叶片厚度明显高于对照,且随土壤调理剂施用量的增加而增加,各处理烟叶含梗率与对照无显著差异。各处理烟叶化学成分表现为各部位总糖含量均适宜,且与对照差异不显著；还原糖含量、烟碱显著高于对照,且均在适宜范围之内；土壤调理剂对各处理烟叶淀粉、总氮和氯含量影响较少,且与对照无显著性差异。烤烟的产值产量、中等烟比例及均价,均以土壤调理剂施用量为7500kg/hm~2的处理最高,上等烟比例以土壤调理剂施用量为3750kg/hm~2的处理最高。施用土壤调理剂能显著降低轮作水稻稻谷中的镉含量,且增产效果明显。
[Abstract]:The effects of different concentrations of soil conditioner on soil cadmium content, soil nutrient composition and physical and chemical properties, as well as cadmium content, agronomic characters, physical characteristics and chemical quality of tobacco leaf were studied by applying different concentrations of soil conditioning agent to cadmium contaminated soil. The main results were as follows: the content of available cadmium in soil decreased with the application of soil conditioning agent, and the soil pH increased with the increase of application rate of soil conditioner. The soil available phosphorus, organic matter and cation exchange capacity did not change significantly, but the soil available potassium content decreased first and then increased after the application of soil conditioner. But the available potassium content of each treatment was lower than that of the control. The content of cadmium in tobacco leaf decreased with the increase of leaf position. Compared with the control, the content of cadmium in all parts of tobacco decreased significantly with the increase of application of soil conditioner. The plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number and other main agronomic characters of the treatments were higher than that of the control, and the plant height, leaf length and leaf width of flue-cured tobacco were higher than that of the control, but higher than that of the control. The thickness of leaves increased with the increase of the amount of soil conditioner, which indicated that the soil conditioner had a better promoting effect on the growth of tobacco. The physical characteristics of cured tobacco leaves showed that leaf length and leaf width were slightly higher than that of the control, leaf weight and leaf thickness were significantly higher than that of the control, and increased with the increase of the amount of soil conditioner application. There was no significant difference in stem percentage between the treatments and the control. The chemical composition of each treatment showed that the total sugar content of each part was suitable, and there was no significant difference with the control; the content of reducing sugar was significantly higher than that of the control, and the nicotine content was within the suitable range. The contents of total nitrogen and chlorine had little effect, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The yield of flue-cured tobacco, the proportion of medium tobacco and the average price of flue-cured tobacco were the highest when the amount of soil conditioner was 7500kg/hm~2, and the best proportion of flue-cured tobacco was that of soil conditioner with 3750kg/hm~2. The application of soil conditioner can significantly reduce the cadmium content in rice rotation rice, and the effect of increasing yield is obvious.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S572;S156.2

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