不同有机物料的蚯蚓堆肥及其作为蔬菜育苗基质的研发
发布时间：2018-10-09 13:20
【摘要】：随着我国经济的快速发展,有机固体废弃物的产生量越来越大,如果处置不当会对环境及人体健康造成严重的影响。因此,有机固体废弃物的处置越来越受到重视。有机固体废弃物含有丰富的有机质和养分,资源化潜力巨大。有机固体废弃物通过蚯蚓的消化系统时,在相关酶作用下能够迅速分解、转化成为自身或其他生物易于利用的营养物质(即蚯蚓堆肥),蚯蚓堆肥具有较好的物理性状,较高的腐殖质含量、养分有效性、微生物活性。本研究首先将牛粪、茶渣、药渣和菌渣等有机物料按不同比例复配进行蚯蚓堆肥试验,分析蚯蚓堆肥的理化性质和可溶性有机物的三维荧光光谱特征的动态变化。根据蚯蚓生长状况,筛选出适合蚯蚓生长的最佳物料配比然后将蚯蚓堆肥应用于番茄和小白菜育苗基质的研发。主要结果如下:牛粪与药渣、牛粪与茶渣的不同比例物料配比中,蚯蚓生长情况均较好,而在有菌渣复配的物料中,蚯蚓生长情况均较差;随着时间的增加,蚯蚓堆肥的pH逐步趋向中性和弱酸性,EC、全氮、全磷、速效氮和速效磷含量逐渐增加,全钾和速效钾呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,而堆肥的有机质含量逐渐减小;三维荧光光谱特征和荧光区域指数结果表明,随堆肥时间增加,可溶性有机物(DOM)中的类蛋白峰逐渐减弱,而类腐殖质峰逐渐增强。蚯蚓堆肥改变了有机废弃物DOM的组成,生成了大量类胡敏酸和类富里酸物质,性质逐渐趋于稳定。因此,有机废弃物蚯蚓堆肥中DOM物质含量变化可作为一个很好的蚯蚓堆肥成熟度评估指标。以茶渣蚯蚓堆肥为原料,与泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石按不同体积(1:5:2:2、2:4:2:2、3:3:2:2、4:2:2:2、6:0:2:2)复配成不同的育苗基质(处理1、处理2、处理3、处理4、处理5)进行番茄育苗试验。结果发现,除处理1外,其他处理的番茄幼苗生长指标均优于市场上常规育苗基质(对照)),并以处理4效果最好,处理5次之。随着茶渣蚯蚓堆肥比例的提高,番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、SPAD值、根系形态指标呈先上升后下降的趋势。小白菜的育苗效果与番茄的基本一致,同样以处理4的效果最佳。在本实验中,采用适当配方的茶渣蚯蚓堆肥基质(处理4)可明显促进番茄和小白菜幼苗的生长和品质的提高,可推荐用于番茄和小白菜的穴盘育苗生产。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in China, the amount of organic solid waste is increasing. If the disposal is not proper, it will have a serious impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the disposal of organic solid waste. Organic solid wastes are rich in organic matter and nutrients. When organic solid wastes pass through the digestive system of earthworms, they can be quickly decomposed into nutrients (i.e. earthworm compost) which can be easily used by themselves or other organisms under the action of related enzymes. Earthworm compost has better physical properties. Higher humus content, nutrient availability and microbial activity. In this study, the organic materials such as cow manure, tea dregs, medicinal residue and bacteria residue were mixed in different proportions to carry out the earthworm composting test, and the physicochemical properties of earthworm compost and the dynamic change of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of soluble organic matter were analyzed. According to the growth condition of earthworm, the best proportion of materials suitable for earthworm growth was selected, and then earthworm compost was applied to the research and development of tomato and pakchoi seedling substrate. The main results are as follows: the growth of earthworm is better in the proportion of cow dung and medicine residue, cow dung and tea dregs, but the growth of earthworm is worse in the mixed material with bacteria residue, and with the time increasing, the growth of earthworm is worse. The pH of earthworm compost tended to be neutral and weak acid, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen and available phosphorus gradually increased, total potassium and available potassium showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the content of organic matter in compost gradually decreased. The results of 3D fluorescence spectrum and fluorescence region index showed that with the increase of composting time, the protein like peak in soluble organic matter (DOM) decreased gradually, while the humus peak gradually increased. Earthworm compost changed the composition of organic waste DOM and produced a large number of Hu Min and fulvic acid-like substances. The properties of earthworm compost tended to be stable. Therefore, the change of DOM content in earthworm compost from organic waste can be used as a good index to evaluate the maturity of earthworm compost. Using tea-dregs earthworm compost as raw material, mixed with peat, perlite and vermiculite in different volumes (1: 5: 2: 2: 2, 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2). The results showed that, except for treatment 1, the growth indexes of tomato seedlings of other treatments were better than those of conventional seedling raising media in the market (control), and treatment 4 was the best, treatment 5 was the second.) With the increase of the compost ratio of earthworm in tea dregs, the plant height, stem diameter and root morphology index of tomato seedlings increased first and then decreased. The seedling effect of pakchoi was basically the same as that of tomato, and the effect of treatment 4 was the best. In this experiment, the suitable formula of tea-residue earthworm composting medium (treatment 4) could obviously promote the growth and quality of tomato and pakchoi seedlings, and could be recommended for the production of tomato and pakchoi seedlings.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141.4;S63
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in China, the amount of organic solid waste is increasing. If the disposal is not proper, it will have a serious impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the disposal of organic solid waste. Organic solid wastes are rich in organic matter and nutrients. When organic solid wastes pass through the digestive system of earthworms, they can be quickly decomposed into nutrients (i.e. earthworm compost) which can be easily used by themselves or other organisms under the action of related enzymes. Earthworm compost has better physical properties. Higher humus content, nutrient availability and microbial activity. In this study, the organic materials such as cow manure, tea dregs, medicinal residue and bacteria residue were mixed in different proportions to carry out the earthworm composting test, and the physicochemical properties of earthworm compost and the dynamic change of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of soluble organic matter were analyzed. According to the growth condition of earthworm, the best proportion of materials suitable for earthworm growth was selected, and then earthworm compost was applied to the research and development of tomato and pakchoi seedling substrate. The main results are as follows: the growth of earthworm is better in the proportion of cow dung and medicine residue, cow dung and tea dregs, but the growth of earthworm is worse in the mixed material with bacteria residue, and with the time increasing, the growth of earthworm is worse. The pH of earthworm compost tended to be neutral and weak acid, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen and available phosphorus gradually increased, total potassium and available potassium showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the content of organic matter in compost gradually decreased. The results of 3D fluorescence spectrum and fluorescence region index showed that with the increase of composting time, the protein like peak in soluble organic matter (DOM) decreased gradually, while the humus peak gradually increased. Earthworm compost changed the composition of organic waste DOM and produced a large number of Hu Min and fulvic acid-like substances. The properties of earthworm compost tended to be stable. Therefore, the change of DOM content in earthworm compost from organic waste can be used as a good index to evaluate the maturity of earthworm compost. Using tea-dregs earthworm compost as raw material, mixed with peat, perlite and vermiculite in different volumes (1: 5: 2: 2: 2, 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2). The results showed that, except for treatment 1, the growth indexes of tomato seedlings of other treatments were better than those of conventional seedling raising media in the market (control), and treatment 4 was the best, treatment 5 was the second.) With the increase of the compost ratio of earthworm in tea dregs, the plant height, stem diameter and root morphology index of tomato seedlings increased first and then decreased. The seedling effect of pakchoi was basically the same as that of tomato, and the effect of treatment 4 was the best. In this experiment, the suitable formula of tea-residue earthworm composting medium (treatment 4) could obviously promote the growth and quality of tomato and pakchoi seedlings, and could be recommended for the production of tomato and pakchoi seedlings.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141.4;S63
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