水土保持措施对坡耕地土壤养分时空变异影响

发布时间：2018-10-09 13:27

【摘要】：以水保林地、水平梯田及地埂植物带组成的水土保持措施体系和无水保措施布置坡耕地为研究对象,结合传统统计分析和ArcGIS地统计分析方法,研究不同深度土壤养分随时间及空间(垂直和水平)变化特征。结果表明,(1)所选研究区内土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷含量均随着土层深度的增加而降低,同一坡位高度,有水土保持措施坡耕地土壤养分含量比无措施坡耕地高,且土壤养分在垂直方向上相对均匀分布。(2)从各水土保持措施对不同深度土壤养分含量的影响来看,在水土保持体系内,0~15 cm和15~30 cm土壤有机质含量依次为:水保林地水平梯田地埂植物带,全氮、全磷和有效磷含量依次为:地埂植物带水平梯田水保林地。在无措施对照区,土壤有机质、全氮和有效磷含量两层次均顺坡逐渐增高,而全磷两层次分布均呈:中坡位无措施区下坡位无措施区上坡位无措施区。不同深度土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷含量均随月份变化先增加后损失,但其变化程度因水土保持措施不同而不同。(3)经统计分析表明,水土保持措施区0~15 cm土壤有机质和全氮变异系数大于无措施对照区,但土壤全磷和有效磷变异系数正好相反;无措施对照区15~30 cm土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷变异系数大于水土保持措施区。水土保持措施与不同深度土壤养分之间均呈极显著正相关关系,0~15 cm和15~30 cm土壤全氮和有效磷之间均呈显著正相关,而0~15 cm和15~30 cm其他各指标关系间均呈极显著正相关关系。
[Abstract]:The soil and water conservation measures system composed of water and soil conservation forest land, horizontal terrace and terrace vegetation belt and the arrangement of sloping farmland without soil conservation measures were taken as the research objects, combining with the traditional statistical analysis and ArcGIS statistical analysis method. The variation characteristics of soil nutrients with time and space (vertical and horizontal) were studied. The results showed that: (1) the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the soil nutrient content of sloping farmland with soil and water conservation measures was higher than that with no soil conservation measures, at the same slope height, the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus decreased with the increase of soil depth. And the soil nutrient distribution is relatively uniform in the vertical direction. (2) according to the effect of soil and water conservation measures on soil nutrient content in different depth, In soil and water conservation system, the content of soil organic matter for 15 cm and 1530 cm was in order as follows: horizontal terrace, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus in horizontal terrace. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus content increased gradually in the untreated control area, but the distribution of the total phosphorus level were all in the middle slope position, the downhill position, the no measure area, the upper slope position, the no measure area. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus in different depth soil all increased first and then lost with the change of month, but the degree of change varied with different soil and water conservation measures. (3) the statistical analysis showed that the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus increased with the change of month. The coefficient of variation of soil organic matter and total nitrogen at 15 cm in soil conservation area was higher than that in control area, but the coefficient of variation of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in soil was opposite, and that in control area was 1530 cm. The coefficient of variation of total phosphorus and available phosphorus was higher than that of soil and water conservation measures. Soil and water conservation measures were significantly positively correlated with soil nutrients at different depths. Soil total nitrogen and available phosphorus were positively correlated with soil total nitrogen and available phosphorus for 15 cm and 1530 cm respectively, while there was a very significant positive correlation between other indexes of 0 15 cm and 15 30 cm.
【作者单位】：沈阳农业大学水利学院;桓仁满族自治县水土保持站;
【基金】：辽宁省自然科学基金项目(20102197)资助
【分类号】：S157

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