白蛾周氏啮小蜂产卵策略的研究
发布时间：2018-10-12 15:06
【摘要】：美国白蛾是我国重要的外来入侵害虫,在北方地区严重为害园林树木、经济林、农田防护林等。利用白蛾周氏啮小蜂防治美国白蛾已在多地实施并取得较好的防效,迄今,对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的应用研究开展得较多,但对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的行为生态学研究甚少。本研究旨在解析补充营养、温度、体型大小、寄生经历和雌蜂竞争等因素如何影响雌蜂的产卵行为,为认识啮小蜂生殖行为的生适应性和室内大规模繁蜂提供参考依据。本研究获得以下主要结果和结论。1.接蜂量和寄主体型大小对白蛾周氏啮小蜂产卵决策行为的影响采用接蜂数量和寄主柞蚕蛹体型大小等2因素析因实验设计,设置接蜂30、50、70、100、130、150和180头等7个处理水平,寄主体重选择从轻到重的连续变化水平作为连续自变量。研究发现,随着接蜂量增加,寄生蜂的出蜂量增大,后代中雄蜂比例增大;不同接蜂量之间子代蜂的体型大小差异显著,子代蜂体型随接蜂量增大而减小;在同一接蜂量下,随寄主体重增大,子代蜂的出蜂量和体型大小均不同程度增大。本研究结果说明,白蛾周氏啮小蜂雌蜂可根据寄主体型大小和雌蜂密度调节性比和窝卵数等产卵决策。2.母蜂竞争经历和寄主体型大小对白蛾周氏啮小蜂产卵决策行为的影响设计有、无竞争等2个水平处理雌蜂,以美国白蛾蛹为寄主,观察子代蜂性比、出蜂量和成虫寿命等生物学特性。研究表明,母蜂具有竞争经历使后代中雄蜂比例增大,但对子代蜂出蜂量和成虫寿命没有影响;对于同一处理的寄生蜂而言,随寄主体重增大,后代寿命变长、出蜂量增多。本研究结果说明,竞争经历影响白蛾周氏啮小蜂性比分配产卵决策。3.温度和寄主体型大小对白蛾周氏啮小蜂产卵决策行为的影响设置20℃、25℃和30℃等3个温度水平和寄主美国白蛾蛹体重连续变化的多梯度水平等因素处理,观察白蛾周氏啮小蜂的子代发育历期、出蜂量和性比。研究结果表明,子代发育历期随温度升高而缩短;出蜂量在25℃时最多,30℃次之,20℃出蜂量最少;20℃处理下子代蜂雌蜂比例最大,25℃次之,30℃最小。同一温度条件下,随寄主体重增加,雄蜂比例增加、出蜂量增大,但子代蜂发育历期没有变化。研究结果说明,25 ℃是繁殖白蛾周氏啮小蜂的最适温度。4.补充营养、温度和母蜂体型大小对白蛾周氏啮小蜂寿命的影响本研究采用析因设计,以柞蚕蛹为寄主,观察了雌蜂体型大小(2水平)、补充营养(2水平)和温度(3水平)等3因素对白蛾周氏啮小蜂成虫寿命的影响。生存回归模型分析表明,雌蜂体型大小、补充营养和温度等3因素互作显著影响白蛾周氏啮小蜂成虫的存活率,在不同雌蜂体型大小与补充营养因素组合处理下,白蛾周氏啮小蜂成虫存活率受温度的显著影响,温度越高,存活率下降越早。不同体型与补充营养处理下周氏啮小蜂成虫寿命在不同温度处理之间均存在显著差异,其中,20℃时成蜂寿命显著大于25℃,后者又显著大于30℃处理。本研究结果说明,温度、补充营养和雌蜂体型大小等3因素不仅直接、而且间接影响白蛾周氏啮小蜂成虫的寿命。
[Abstract]:White moth of the United States is an important alien invasive pest in China, which seriously damage garden trees, economic forests, farmland shelterbelts and so on in northern areas. The prevention and treatment of white moth in white moth has been carried out in many places and has achieved good anti-effect. So far, the research on the application of the white moth periphyta has been carried out more, but the research on the behavior ecology of the white moth is very little. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors such as supplementing nutrition, temperature, body size, parasitism and female bee competition. The following main findings and conclusions are obtained in this study. 1. The number of bees and the size of host body were determined by the number of bees and the size of the host's pupa. The number of bees and the size of the host's pupal size were used to design and set seven processing levels of 30, 50, 70, 100, 130, 150 and 180 first, respectively. The host body weight selection was taken as a continuous variable from light to heavy continuous change levels. It was found that with the increase of the number of bees, the number of bees in the parasitoid was increased, and the proportion of male bees in the offspring increased; the size of the offspring of the offspring of different numbers of bees was significantly different, and the size of the offspring was decreased with the increase of the number of bees; in the same amount of bee, the weight of the host increased with the weight of the host. The number of beeps and the size of the offspring were increased in different degrees. According to the results of this study, the female honeybee of the white moth was able to lay eggs according to the size of the host, the ratio of the density of female bees and the number of eggs, etc. The effects of female bee competition and host size on the egg-laying decision-making behaviors were designed, without competition and so on, and the biological characteristics such as bee pupa of the progeny, the number of bees and the life span of the adult were observed. The results showed that the female bee had a competitive experience to increase the proportion of male bees in the offspring, but had no influence on the number of beeps and the longevity of the adults; for the same treated parasitoids, the longevity of the offspring became longer and the number of bees increased with the increase of the weight of the host. The results of this study indicate that the competition experience influenced the distribution and oviposition decision-making of the white moth periodiorite. The effects of temperature and host body size on the egg-laying decision-making behavior were set up at 20 鈩，
本文编号：2266589
[Abstract]:White moth of the United States is an important alien invasive pest in China, which seriously damage garden trees, economic forests, farmland shelterbelts and so on in northern areas. The prevention and treatment of white moth in white moth has been carried out in many places and has achieved good anti-effect. So far, the research on the application of the white moth periphyta has been carried out more, but the research on the behavior ecology of the white moth is very little. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors such as supplementing nutrition, temperature, body size, parasitism and female bee competition. The following main findings and conclusions are obtained in this study. 1. The number of bees and the size of host body were determined by the number of bees and the size of the host's pupa. The number of bees and the size of the host's pupal size were used to design and set seven processing levels of 30, 50, 70, 100, 130, 150 and 180 first, respectively. The host body weight selection was taken as a continuous variable from light to heavy continuous change levels. It was found that with the increase of the number of bees, the number of bees in the parasitoid was increased, and the proportion of male bees in the offspring increased; the size of the offspring of the offspring of different numbers of bees was significantly different, and the size of the offspring was decreased with the increase of the number of bees; in the same amount of bee, the weight of the host increased with the weight of the host. The number of beeps and the size of the offspring were increased in different degrees. According to the results of this study, the female honeybee of the white moth was able to lay eggs according to the size of the host, the ratio of the density of female bees and the number of eggs, etc. The effects of female bee competition and host size on the egg-laying decision-making behaviors were designed, without competition and so on, and the biological characteristics such as bee pupa of the progeny, the number of bees and the life span of the adult were observed. The results showed that the female bee had a competitive experience to increase the proportion of male bees in the offspring, but had no influence on the number of beeps and the longevity of the adults; for the same treated parasitoids, the longevity of the offspring became longer and the number of bees increased with the increase of the weight of the host. The results of this study indicate that the competition experience influenced the distribution and oviposition decision-making of the white moth periodiorite. The effects of temperature and host body size on the egg-laying decision-making behavior were set up at 20 鈩，
本文编号：2266589
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