太湖流域江苏地区代表性水产养殖排污系数测算研究

发布时间：2018-10-13 19:56

【摘要】：为合理评价水产养殖对环境的影响,选取太湖流域典型地区12个养殖池塘和养殖围网,包括淡水池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹、草鱼和翘嘴红湆,网围养殖中华绒螯蟹、鲢鳙等5种养殖模式和养殖品种,采用现场监测及物料平衡相结合的方法对水产养殖中总氮、总磷、铜和锌等污染物的排污系数进行系统定量研究。结果表明,物料平衡法计算下的排污系数因养殖品种和养殖模式的不同存在较大差异,即使同一养殖模式下的同一主要养殖品种,因配养情况的不同得出的排污系数也相差很大。围网养殖中华绒螯蟹,套养其他鱼类的比例在30%~60%时,总氮、总磷、铜、锌的排污系数均值分别为16.80、2.80、0.002 0、0.026 1 kg·t~(-1);如不套养或少量套养(套养比例10%),总氮、总磷、铜、锌的排污系数均值分别为90.03、41.39、0.036 5、0.219 8 kg·t~(-1);网围养殖鲢鳙的排污系数为负值。对池塘养殖模式,采用现场实测和物料衡算两种方法同时进行测算,物料衡算法计算下的排污系数远大于现场实测法。研究结果结合渔业统计数据,可核算区域水产养殖污染负荷。在水产养殖过程中,要充分利用鱼、螺、草、藻的物质循环关系,建立一种良好的生态养殖模式,达到经济效益和环境保护双赢的目的。
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate the effects of aquaculture on the environment, 12 culture ponds and purse seine nets were selected from typical areas of Taihu Lake Basin, including freshwater ponds for cultured Chinese mitten crabs, grass carp and Hedyotis sinensis, and meshes for cultured Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis). Five breeding modes and varieties of silver carp and bighead carp were used to study systematically and quantitatively the pollutant discharge coefficient of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, copper and zinc in aquaculture by means of field monitoring and material balance. The results showed that the sewage discharge coefficient calculated by the material balance method was different from that of the breeding species and the culture model, even if the same main breeding varieties were under the same culture model. Because of the difference in the circumstances of the discharge coefficient is also very different. The seine net culture Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), the average discharge coefficient of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, copper and zinc were 16.80 ~ 2.80 ~ 0.0020 ~ 0.026 1 kg t ~ (-1) when the proportion of other fish was 30 ~ 60, such as no culture or a few sets (proportion 10%), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, copper, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, copper, The average discharge coefficient of zinc was 90.03 (41.39) and the emission coefficient of fish and bighead carp was negative, respectively, and the average value of zinc was 0.219 8 kg / t ~ (-1), respectively, and that of fish and bighead carp was negative. For the pond culture model, the discharge coefficient calculated by the material scale algorithm is much larger than that of the field measurement method by using both the field measurement method and the material balance calculation method. The results of the study combined with fishery statistics can calculate the pollution load of regional aquaculture. In the process of aquaculture, it is necessary to make full use of the material circulation relationship among fish, snail, grass and algae, and establish a good ecological culture model to achieve the win-win goal of economic benefit and environmental protection.
【作者单位】：环境保护部南京环境科学研究所;
【基金】：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-007)~~
【分类号】：X714

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