稻-稻-油菜轮作对土壤微生物活性和多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-10-13 19:57

【摘要】：水稻(Oryza sativa L.)和油菜(Brassica campestris L.)轮作是中国南方地区常见的耕作制度,其优点在于能够提高农业土地利用率和增强土壤生产力,且能改变土壤生态环境。轮作栽培土壤生态环境的改变对作物生长具有益的作用,而土壤中微生物的变化是土壤生态环境改变的重要因素。因此,研究土壤微生物活性和多样性可为水稻和油菜轮作栽培对土壤质地的影响能够提供理论依据,对维持良好的土壤环境生态系统和农田可持续耕作具有重要的现实意义。以浏阳(短期试验:3 a)和安仁(长期试验:30 a)两地的稻-稻-油菜轮作土壤为研究对象,选取稻-稻连作土壤作为对照比较,分别于2015年7月、10月和2016年4月取样测定稻-稻-油菜轮作和稻-稻连作土壤微生物量碳、氮含量。结果表明:就所测得的浏阳土壤微生物量碳含量而言,稻-稻-油菜轮作比稻-稻连作分别高出16.99%、15.26%、32.33%,安仁土壤则分别高出26.38%、20.18%、35.74%;就所测得的浏阳土壤微生物量氮含量而言,稻-稻-油菜轮作比稻-稻连作分别高出34.63%、17.80%、33.81%,安仁土壤则分别高出14.29%、15.31%、14.58%。采用Biolog ECO技术分析土壤微生物多样性,结果表明浏阳和安仁两地稻-稻-油菜轮作和稻-稻连作土壤平均吸光值(AWCD)变化趋势相同,稻-稻-油菜轮作土壤AWCD值大于稻-稻连作,表明稻-稻-油菜轮作提高了土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力。研究结果表明稻-稻-油菜轮作显著提高了土壤微生物丰富度指数,而对均匀度和优势度指数影响不显著。通过主成分分析可知,3个不同时期土壤微生物对碳源的利用以糖类、羧酸类、氨基酸类为主。
[Abstract]:Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Rape (Brassica campestris L.) Crop rotation is a common farming system in southern China, which has the advantages of increasing agricultural land use efficiency and soil productivity, and changing soil ecological environment. The change of soil ecological environment in rotation is beneficial to crop growth, and the change of microorganism in soil is an important factor in the change of soil ecological environment. Therefore, the study of soil microbial activity and diversity can provide theoretical basis for the effect of rice and rape rotation cultivation on soil texture, and have important practical significance for maintaining a good soil environment ecosystem and farmland sustainable tillage. The rice-rape rotation soil in Liuyang (short-term experiment: 3 a) and Anren (long-term experiment: 30 a) was used as the research object, and the rice-rice continuous cropping soil was selected as control. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents were measured in July, October, and April, 2016, respectively. The results showed that the microbial biomass carbon content in Liuyang soil was higher than that in continuous cropping of rice and rape, 16.99% 15.26% and 32.33%, respectively, and that in Anren soil was 26.38 38% and 20.18% higher than that in Liuyang soil, respectively, as far as the measured microbial biomass nitrogen content in Liuyang soil was concerned. Rice-rape rotation was 34.63% higher than that of rice-rice continuous cropping, and 17.80% and 33.81% higher than that of rice-rice continuous cropping, and the soil in Anren was 14.299.31% higher than 14.58% in Anren soil, respectively. Soil microbial diversity was analyzed by Biolog ECO technique. The results showed that the average light absorption value (AWCD) of rice-rapeseed rotation and continuous rice-rice cropping in Liuyang and Anren was the same, and the AWCD value of rice-rape rotation was higher than that of rice-rice continuous cropping. The results showed that rice-rape rotation improved the ability of soil microorganism to utilize carbon source. The results showed that rice-rape rotation significantly increased the soil microbial richness index, but had no significant effect on the evenness and dominance index. According to principal component analysis, the utilization of carbon sources by soil microbes in three different periods was mainly carboxylic acids and amino acids.
【作者单位】：湖南农业大学资源环境学院;湖南农业大学工学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31272248) 国际科技合作项目(2013DFG91190)
【分类号】：S154.3

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