基于稻麦轮作农田土壤锌累积的猪粪安全施用量
发布时间：2018-10-15 17:14
【摘要】：【目的】针对江苏省规模养殖废弃物超排,严重引起环境污染且资源大量浪费的突出问题,开展了稻麦农田猪粪有机肥替代化肥后耕层土壤重金属Zn的变化特征研究,并基于耕层土壤Zn累积速率探讨了猪粪有机肥安全施用量,为规模养猪场有机肥安全利用技术推广提供科学依据。【方法】采用田间定位试验方法,根据稻麦两熟制农田猪粪有机肥用量,设对照(CK)、化肥(CF)、25%猪粪+75%化肥(25%PM)、50%猪粪+50%化肥(50%PM)、75%猪粪+25%化肥(75%PM)、100%猪粪(100%PM)、125%猪粪(125%PM)和200%猪粪(200%PM),共8个处理,每个处理3次重复。在2013和2014年水稻收获期,分0—10 cm和10—20 cm两个土层采集5点混合土壤样品。采用HF HNO_3 HClO_4消煮和DTPA浸提—原子吸收分光光度法分别测定土壤总Zn和有效态Zn含量,分析不同量猪粪有机肥施用后土壤总Zn和有效态Zn的变化特征和累积速率。根据农业安全生产二级标准,结合不同猪粪有机肥施用量的耕层土壤总Zn年累积速率,分析稻麦农田猪粪有机肥可安全施用年限。【结果】稻麦农田猪粪有机肥施用后第3、4年水稻收获期,0—10 cm和10—20 cm土层总Zn和有效态Zn含量,以及总Zn和有效态Zn的累积速率,均随着猪粪有机肥施用比例提高呈线性增加趋势。2014年水稻收获期,不同猪粪有机肥处理耕层0—10 cm土壤总Zn和有效态Zn含量的变化范围分别为91.1~236.5和8.9~49.4 mg/kg,年累积速率变化范围分别为6.6~42.9和1.9~2.0 mg/(kg·a),即耕层土壤年累积的有效态Zn含量占总Zn含量的比例为28.0%~31.3%。由耕层0—10 cm土壤总Zn的年累积速率可知,稻麦农田猪粪有机肥可安全施用年限随着猪粪有机肥施用比例提高呈现乘幂方程的降低趋势。在农业安全生产二级标准内50年尺度上猪粪有机肥氮替代比例为11.1%~12.5%,20年尺度上猪粪有机肥氮替代比例为33.6%~35.5%。【结论】猪粪有机肥连续施用后,稻麦两熟农田耕层土壤Zn存在累积效应,并随着猪粪有机肥施用量增加呈线性增强的趋势。基于该定位试验的耕层土壤总Zn累积速率,建议短期猪粪有机肥氮替代率不超过35%,中长期猪粪有机肥氮替代率不超过12.5%。
[Abstract]:[objective] in order to solve the serious problems of superovulation of large scale aquaculture wastes in Jiangsu Province, which caused serious environmental pollution and a large amount of waste of resources, the change characteristics of heavy metal Zn in the topsoil of rice and wheat farmland after pig manure was replaced by chemical fertilizer were studied in this paper. Based on the accumulation rate of Zn in cultivated soil, the amount of safe application of organic fertilizer in pig manure was discussed, which provided a scientific basis for the popularization of safe utilization technology of organic fertilizer in large-scale pig farms. [methods] the field location test method was adopted. According to the amount of organic manure of pig manure in paddy and wheat field, eight treatments were used: (CF), 25%, 50%PM, 75%PM, 100%PM, 125%PM and 200%PM, with 8 treatments, each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results were as follows: (1) (CK), fertilizer, 25% pig manure (25%PM), 50% pig manure (50%PM), 75% pig manure (75%PM), 100% pig manure (100%PM), 125% pig manure (125%PM) and 200% pig manure (200%PM). Five mixed soil samples were collected from 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers during the harvest period of rice in 2013 and 2014. The contents of total Zn and available Zn in soil were determined by HF HNO_3 HClO_4 digestion and DTPA soaking-atomic absorption spectrophotometry respectively. The change characteristics and accumulation rate of total Zn and available Zn were analyzed after different amounts of organic manure were applied. According to the second grade standard of agricultural safety production, combined with the annual accumulation rate of total Zn of tilling layer soil with different application amount of pig manure organic fertilizer, The years of safe application of pig manure in rice and wheat fields were analyzed. [results] the total Zn and available Zn contents in soil layers of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm were obtained in the 3rd and 4th year after the application of pig manure in rice and wheat fields. The cumulative rate of total Zn and available Zn increased linearly with the increase of organic fertilizer application in pig manure. The range of total Zn and available Zn content of cultivated layer 0-10 cm in different organic manure treatments were 91.1 ~ 236.5 and 8.9 ~ 49.4 mg/kg, respectively. The range of annual accumulative rate was 6.6 ~ 42.9 and 1.9N ~ 2.0 mg/ (kg a), respectively, that is, the content of available Zn in topsoil. The ratio of total Zn content was 28.0% and 31.3%. According to the annual accumulated rate of total Zn of 0-10 cm soil in tilling layer, the safe years of application of pig manure in rice and wheat fields showed the decreasing trend of power equation with the increase of application proportion of pig manure. In the second class standard of agricultural safety, the nitrogen substitution ratio of pig manure organic fertilizer was 11.1g / 12.5in 50 years scale, and that in 20 years scale was 33.6% 35.50.Conclusion after continuous application of pig manure organic fertilizer, the nitrogen substitution ratio of pig manure organic fertilizer is 11.1g / 12.5. [conclusion] after continuous application of pig manure organic fertilizer, There was a cumulative effect of Zn in the topsoil of rice-wheat double cropping field, and it showed a linear increasing trend with the increase of the application rate of pig manure organic fertilizer. Based on the total Zn accumulation rate of the topsoil, it is suggested that the nitrogen substitution rate of short-term pig manure should not exceed 35 and that of medium and long term pig manure should not exceed 12.5.
【作者单位】： 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心;
【基金】：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203050-2)资助
【分类号】：S141
[Abstract]:[objective] in order to solve the serious problems of superovulation of large scale aquaculture wastes in Jiangsu Province, which caused serious environmental pollution and a large amount of waste of resources, the change characteristics of heavy metal Zn in the topsoil of rice and wheat farmland after pig manure was replaced by chemical fertilizer were studied in this paper. Based on the accumulation rate of Zn in cultivated soil, the amount of safe application of organic fertilizer in pig manure was discussed, which provided a scientific basis for the popularization of safe utilization technology of organic fertilizer in large-scale pig farms. [methods] the field location test method was adopted. According to the amount of organic manure of pig manure in paddy and wheat field, eight treatments were used: (CF), 25%, 50%PM, 75%PM, 100%PM, 125%PM and 200%PM, with 8 treatments, each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results were as follows: (1) (CK), fertilizer, 25% pig manure (25%PM), 50% pig manure (50%PM), 75% pig manure (75%PM), 100% pig manure (100%PM), 125% pig manure (125%PM) and 200% pig manure (200%PM). Five mixed soil samples were collected from 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers during the harvest period of rice in 2013 and 2014. The contents of total Zn and available Zn in soil were determined by HF HNO_3 HClO_4 digestion and DTPA soaking-atomic absorption spectrophotometry respectively. The change characteristics and accumulation rate of total Zn and available Zn were analyzed after different amounts of organic manure were applied. According to the second grade standard of agricultural safety production, combined with the annual accumulation rate of total Zn of tilling layer soil with different application amount of pig manure organic fertilizer, The years of safe application of pig manure in rice and wheat fields were analyzed. [results] the total Zn and available Zn contents in soil layers of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm were obtained in the 3rd and 4th year after the application of pig manure in rice and wheat fields. The cumulative rate of total Zn and available Zn increased linearly with the increase of organic fertilizer application in pig manure. The range of total Zn and available Zn content of cultivated layer 0-10 cm in different organic manure treatments were 91.1 ~ 236.5 and 8.9 ~ 49.4 mg/kg, respectively. The range of annual accumulative rate was 6.6 ~ 42.9 and 1.9N ~ 2.0 mg/ (kg a), respectively, that is, the content of available Zn in topsoil. The ratio of total Zn content was 28.0% and 31.3%. According to the annual accumulated rate of total Zn of 0-10 cm soil in tilling layer, the safe years of application of pig manure in rice and wheat fields showed the decreasing trend of power equation with the increase of application proportion of pig manure. In the second class standard of agricultural safety, the nitrogen substitution ratio of pig manure organic fertilizer was 11.1g / 12.5in 50 years scale, and that in 20 years scale was 33.6% 35.50.Conclusion after continuous application of pig manure organic fertilizer, the nitrogen substitution ratio of pig manure organic fertilizer is 11.1g / 12.5. [conclusion] after continuous application of pig manure organic fertilizer, There was a cumulative effect of Zn in the topsoil of rice-wheat double cropping field, and it showed a linear increasing trend with the increase of the application rate of pig manure organic fertilizer. Based on the total Zn accumulation rate of the topsoil, it is suggested that the nitrogen substitution rate of short-term pig manure should not exceed 35 and that of medium and long term pig manure should not exceed 12.5.
【作者单位】： 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心;
【基金】：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203050-2)资助
【分类号】：S141
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