不同地区土壤养分含量与番茄叶片养分含量、产量的关系

发布时间：2018-10-16 10:05

【摘要】：日光温室为山东省冬季蔬菜的主要供应设施,番茄在各地区冬季日光温室内普遍种植,在蔬菜生产和供应中占主要地位。随着日光温室中番茄栽培面积的日益增加,菜农为了提高产量增加收入,在生产上不科学施肥、长期过量施肥或施肥不均衡,造成了番茄品质和产量的下降,给菜农带来严重的经济损失,严重时会进一步造成土壤恶化及环境污染。国内外的许多学者已在番茄施肥研究上做了不少工作,给我们很多可以借鉴的施肥经验,但是由于各国土壤、环境、地理等条件不同以及栽培方式、试验方法的不同,研究结果存在较大差异,应根据各地区的环境条件和施肥特点等实际情况,对各地的土壤情况进行分析。为此,本文以日照莒县、淄博临淄、泰安岱岳区等地区的番茄日光温室为调查采样对象,利用调查和试验相结合的方法对三个地区12个村庄进行大量的番茄叶片和土壤样品的采集,研究了不同地区多年种植番茄后日光温室的土壤养分特点、土壤中的有效养分含量、土壤中的有效养分含量与叶片中养分含量的关系和对产量的影响。结果表明:1不同施肥处理的田间试验中,番茄叶片中的氮、磷、钾含量施肥处理要比不施肥处理的含量高,CK处理的最低;不同采样时期的叶片中养分含量存在差异性,第三采样时期即盛果期的叶片中养分含量要高于其他三个采样期。2三地区土壤碱解氮均值含量均150mg/kg,在土壤中含量水平低,莒县和临淄地区的有效磷、速效钾在土壤中含量水平极高,各土壤养分频数分布曲线均呈正态分布;三地区的土壤电导率值均在适宜番茄生长的正常范围内。3土壤微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌和中量元素钙、镁,在三个地区番茄日光温室中的含量存在较大差异;莒县地区的有效铁、有效锰含量较高,其他两地区的含量较低,三地区土壤有效锌含量水平高,而临淄地区的有效铜、交换性钙、交换性镁在土壤中含量水平高。4三地区土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量随着日光温室种植年限的增加先增加后降低,岱岳区土壤中的交换性钙也存在这一规律,莒县和临淄两地区的土壤交换性钙含量随着种植年限的增加没有显著变化,三地区的交换性镁含量都较稳定,不随种植年限的增加有较大变化;除岱岳区的有效锰含量随着种植年限的增加而降低,有效铁含量随着种植年限的增加先降低后增加外,其余各地区日光温室中微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌在土壤中的含量随着种植年限的增加先增加后降低。5莒县、岱岳区的番茄叶片中有超过80%的全氮和70%的全钾含量在适量范围内,三地区番茄叶片中全磷含量较高。番茄叶片中钙、镁元素缺乏,且变异系数较大;三地区番茄叶片中微量元素铁、锰、锌含量有超过一半的在适量范围内,叶片锰、锌的变异系数较大。6三地区土壤有效养分与叶片养分含量的相关性没有相似的规律;日照地区的土壤有效铜、有效锌与叶片锰呈显著负相关,土壤碱解氮、速效磷、有效铜、有效锰与番茄产量呈极显著负相关;临淄地区的土壤交换性镁与叶片全钾呈显著负相关,与叶片铁、镁呈显著正相关,土壤交换性钙则与番茄产量呈显著负相关;岱岳区的有效锰与番茄产量呈显著负相关,交换性钙与番茄产量呈显著正相关。
[Abstract]:The sunlight greenhouse is the main supply facility for winter vegetables in Shandong Province. With the increasing of tomato cultivation area in the sunlight greenhouse, the vegetable farmers increase the income by increasing the yield, not scientifically fertilization in production, long-term excessive fertilization or uneven fertilization, thereby causing the degradation of tomato quality and yield, causing serious economic loss to the vegetable farmers, Soil deterioration and environmental pollution will be further aggravated when severe. Many scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of work in the research of tomato fertilization, and give us a lot of experience in fertilization, but because of the different conditions such as soil, environment, geography, etc. Soil conditions around the country should be analyzed according to the environmental conditions and fertilization characteristics of each region. In order to achieve this, a large number of tomato leaves and soil samples were collected from 12 villages in 12 villages in three regions by means of investigation and experiment. The characteristics of soil nutrients, the effective nutrient content in soil, the relationship between the effective nutrient content in soil and the nutrient content in leaves and the effect on yield were studied in different regions for years. The results showed that the fertilization treatment of N, P and K in tomato leaves was higher than that of non-fertilization treatment in the field experiment of different fertilization treatments. The content of nutrients in leaves of different sampling periods was different. in the third sampling period, the content of nutrient in the leaves of the fruit-holding period is higher than that of the other three sampling periods, the average content of the soil alkali in the three areas is 150mg/ kg, the content of the soil is low, the effective phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium in the soil are extremely high in the soil, The soil nutrient frequency distribution curves were distributed in normal distribution, and the soil conductivity values in three areas were within the normal range of tomato growth. The content of effective iron and effective manganese in three areas is high, and the effective copper, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium in Linzi area are high in soil. The content of quick-acting potassium increased with the increase of the planting life of the solar greenhouse, and the exchangeable calcium in the soil of Yuyue District also existed. the exchangeable magnesium content in the three areas is stable, does not vary greatly with the increase of the planting life, the effective manganese content of the three areas is reduced with the increase of the planting life, the effective iron content is increased after the increase of the planting life is reduced, the content of trace elements iron, manganese, copper and zinc in the sunlight greenhouse in the rest areas is reduced after the increase of the planting life, The total phosphorus content in tomato leaves was higher in three areas. in tomato leaves, that calcium and magnesium elements are deficient and the coefficient of variation is large; the trace element iron, the manganese and the zinc content in the tomato leaves of the three regions have more than half of the manganese and the zinc content in an appropriate amount, and the leaf manganese, The coefficient of variation of zinc is relatively large. There is no similar rule between the effective nutrients in soil and the nutrient content of leaves in the three areas. The effective copper and effective zinc in soil in the sunshine area have a significant negative correlation with the leaf manganese, and the soil alkali is free of nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and effective copper. There was a significant negative correlation between the effective manganese and the yield of tomato; the soil exchangeable magnesium in Lintong area was negatively correlated with the total potassium of leaves, which was positively correlated with the leaf iron and magnesium, and the soil exchangeable calcium was negatively correlated with the yield of tomato; the effective manganese in Yuyue District was negatively correlated with tomato yield. The exchangeable calcium was positively correlated with tomato yield.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S641.2;S158.3

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