废弃纸尿裤中水肥的生物可利用性研究

发布时间：2018-10-16 11:37

【摘要】：本文以小麦、大豆和白菜等作物为研究对象,研究纸尿裤中所吸附水肥对植物种子萌发及植株生长的影响,从纸尿裤土地利用前后土壤结构及其理化性质变化的角度阐释其所含水肥的利用情况;以此为基础,研究了土壤酶活性以及土壤微生物数量对纸尿裤施用的响应,探讨了废弃纸尿裤中水肥的生物利用可行性。小麦种子的吸水力实验表明纸尿裤能否给种子萌发供水由外界环境条件决定。纸尿裤中肥料浓度高时,很容易造成烧苗,若稀释10倍,小麦的发芽率没有提高,但发芽指数以及活力指数显著提高,因此,吸肥纸尿裤对种子发芽率没有影响,但是对发芽指数以及活力指数具有积极作用,为后期小麦的移栽存活率提供保障。纸尿裤土地施用方式对植株的生长具有显著影响,其中以与土壤混合方式最佳,掩埋次之,然后是表面覆盖。纸尿裤投加量达到0.6%,与空白对照组相比,小麦地上部分干物质变化最显著,增加达4.2g。纸尿裤投加模式对小麦根长变化显著:掩埋模式下根长变短;混合模式下根长出现倍数变长。对小麦干根重为:混合外铺掩埋,且随水肥含量增加而增加。综合表明:混合模式为最佳模式,0.6%-0.8%为纸尿裤的最佳投加量,随水肥含量增加小麦各项生长指标增加,说明在水肥含量没有达到烧苗程度,纸尿裤中水肥的增加对小麦的生长有利。施用纸尿裤能改善土壤的水分蒸发性能、膨胀性能和保温作用;纸尿裤投加量超过0.8%时,对土壤pH值无显著影响;随纸尿裤中水肥含量增加,土壤中水解性氮含量显著增加,因此,纸尿裤中的肥料对土壤肥力产生积极效应。WSAP(含肥纸尿裤)和FSAP(含肥纸尿裤)处理的3大类微生物种群数量均有不同程度的提高,FSAP处理微生物的数量达到最大。WSAP和FSAP处理情况下,土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和转化酶的活性都有不同程度提高,且脲酶提高幅度最大。各种纸尿裤处理的微生物量碳、微生物量氮和微生物量碳/微生物量氮的值与CK相比均未达到显著性差异。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effects of water and fertilizer adsorbed in diapers on seed germination and plant growth of wheat, soybean and cabbage were studied. From the point of view of the changes of soil structure and physical and chemical properties before and after land use of diapers, the utilization of soil water and fertilizer was explained, and the response of soil enzyme activity and soil microbial quantity to the application of diapers was studied. The feasibility of biological utilization of water and fertilizer in waste diapers was discussed. The water absorption experiments of wheat seeds showed that the water supply of diapers to seed germination was determined by the external environment. When the concentration of fertilizer in diapers is high, it is easy to burn seedlings. If diluted by 10 times, the germination rate of wheat did not increase, but the germination index and vigor index increased significantly. Therefore, the germination rate of seeds was not affected by diapers. But it has a positive effect on germination index and vigor index, which can guarantee the survival rate of late wheat transplanting. The soil application of diapers had a significant effect on the growth of the plants, among which the best way was mixed with soil, followed by burying, then surface covering. Compared with the blank control group, the dry matter of the aboveground part of wheat increased by 4.2 g. The root length of wheat was significantly changed by diaper adding mode: the root length became shorter in buried mode and the multiple in root length became longer in mixed mode. The dry root weight of wheat was mixed and buried, and increased with the increase of water and fertilizer content. The results showed that the mixed model was the best model and 0.6-0.8% was the best dosage of diapers. The growth indexes of wheat increased with the increase of water and fertilizer content, which indicated that the content of water and fertilizer did not reach the level of burning seedling. The increase of water and fertilizer in diapers is beneficial to the growth of wheat. The application of diapers can improve the soil moisture evaporation performance, swelling performance and heat preservation; when the diaper dosage exceeds 0.8, the soil pH value is not significantly affected; with the increase of water and fertilizer content in the diaper, the hydrolytic nitrogen content in the soil increases significantly. therefore Positive effects of Fertilizer on soil Fertility in diapers (. WSAP () and FSAP (diaper containing Fertilizer) treatments increased the number of three major microbes in varying degrees, and the number of microbes treated with FSAP reached the maximum. Under the conditions of WSAP and FSAP treatments, the number of microbes increased in different degrees. The activities of urease, catalase, acid phosphatase and invertase in soil were all increased to some extent, and urease activity was the largest. The values of microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon / microbial biomass nitrogen of various diapers were not significantly different from those of CK.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S14;X705

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