化肥和有机肥长期施用对红壤酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-10-16 13:18

【摘要】：选择长期定位试验中的不施肥对照(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(OM)及化肥有机肥配施(NPKM)4种处理,研究了长期化肥和有机肥互作对旱地红壤酶活性的影响及酶活性与土壤理化性质、微生物生物量的关系。结果表明,施肥特别是化肥和有机肥的交互作用能不同程度促进参与碳、氮循环的总体酶活性增加;其中,OM对酶活性的促进作用强于NPK,NPKM的酶活性最高。与CK相比,施用有机肥的处理(即OM和NPKM)会降低参与碳循环酶和参与氮循环酶的比值,而NPK不影响该比值。OM处理的单位微生物量碳酶活性和单位有机碳酶活性均显著低于其他处理,而在NPK处理中这两项指标最高,OM和NPKM处理则提高了单位微生物量氮酶活性。一方面说明有机肥可以缓解土壤微生物的碳限制,但是供氮能力相对不足,而与化肥配施缓解了氮素的限制状况;另一方面暗示有机肥可以提高土壤生物的生态效率。总之,化肥和有机肥配施能够在碳氮资源的生物有效性上形成互补关系,能够同时促进土壤生物和作物生长,从而满足土壤生态系统服务功能持续发挥的需要。
[Abstract]:The effects of long-term interaction of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer on enzyme activity, enzyme activity and soil physical and chemical properties of upland red soil were studied under four treatments of no fertilization control (CK), fertilizer (NPK), single application of organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with (NPKM) in the long term localizing experiment, and the effects of long-term interaction of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer on enzyme activity in upland red soil were studied. The relationship between microbial biomass. The results showed that fertilization, especially the interaction of fertilizer and organic fertilizer, could promote the total enzyme activity of carbon and nitrogen cycle to some extent, among which, OM had the strongest effect on enzyme activity than that of NPK,NPKM. Compared with CK, the application of organic fertilizer (OM and NPKM) reduced the ratio of enzymes involved in carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle. But NPK did not affect the ratio. The activity of biomass carbon enzyme and unit organic carbon enzyme of OM treatment were significantly lower than those of other treatments, but the two indexes were the highest in NPK treatment, while OM and NPKM treatment increased the activity of biomass nitrogen enzyme per unit microorganism. On the one hand, organic fertilizer can alleviate the soil microbial carbon limitation, but the nitrogen supply capacity is relatively insufficient, and the combination of fertilizer can alleviate the nitrogen limitation; on the other hand, it suggests that organic fertilizer can improve the ecological efficiency of soil organisms. In a word, fertilizer and organic fertilizer combination can form complementary relationship in the biological availability of carbon and nitrogen resources, and promote soil biological and crop growth simultaneously, thus meeting the need of sustainable development of soil ecosystem service function.
【作者单位】：南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院土壤生态实验室;江西省红壤研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41371263,41301235) 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)
【分类号】：S154.2

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