步行式甘薯碎蔓还田机的设计与试验

发布时间：2018-10-19 08:20

【摘要】：为缓解中国丘陵坡地小田块甘薯碎蔓机械短缺问题,研究设计了步行式甘薯碎蔓还田机。该文在分析整机结构的基础上具体阐述了甘薯碎蔓还田机工作原理,阐明了碎蔓装置、刀座防磨损设计、导向轮调节机构和传动系统等关键部件的设计。甘薯秧蔓粉碎合格率、留茬高度和伤薯率是评价甘薯碎蔓还田机的主要指标,该文在单因素试验基础上运用Box-Benhnken的中心组合试验方法对甘薯碎蔓还田机的工作参数进行试验研究,以刀辊转速、离地间隙、刀片间距进行三因素三水平二次回归正交试验设计。建立了响应面数学模型,分析了各因素对作业质量的影响,同时,对影响因素进行了综合优化。试验结果表明:粉碎合格率影响显著顺序为刀辊转速(29)离地间隙(29)刀片间距;留茬高度影响显著顺序为离地间隙(29)刀辊转速(29)刀片间距;伤薯率影响显著顺序为离地间隙(29)刀辊转速(29)刀片间距;田间试验结果表明:最优工作参数组合为刀辊转速为1 950 r/min、离地间隙为25 mm、刀片间隙为40 mm,此时秧蔓粉碎合格率为94.88%、留茬高度为47.08 mm、伤薯率为0.23%,与理论优化值对比误差小于5%。研究结果可为步行式甘薯碎蔓还田机的结构完善和作业参数优化提供参考。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the shortage of machinery of sweet potato shredder in hillside land of China, a walking machine was designed. Based on the analysis of the structure of the whole machine, the working principle of the sweet potato shredder is expounded in detail, and the design of the key parts, such as the shredding device, the anti-wear design of the knife holder, the adjusting mechanism of the guide wheel and the transmission system, are expounded. The qualified rate, stubble height and broken potato rate of sweet potato seedlings were the main indexes to evaluate the machine. Based on the single factor experiment, the working parameters of the machine were studied by using the central combination test method of Box-Benhnken. The orthogonal design of three factors and three levels quadratic regression was carried out with the rotation speed of the cutter roll, the clearance between the ground and the blade, and the distance between the blades. The response surface mathematical model is established, and the influence of various factors on the work quality is analyzed. At the same time, the influencing factors are comprehensively optimized. The test results show that the significant order of the influence of the qualified rate of grinding is the blade spacing between the blade speed (29) and the stubble height (29), and the significant order is (29) the blade spacing between the blade speed (29) and the height of the stubble. The significant order of the effect of potato injury rate was the distance between the blade and the blade between the ground gap (29) and the tool roll speed (29). The results of field test showed that the optimal working parameters were as follows: the rotation speed of cutter roller was 1 950r / min, the gap between ground and ground was 25 mm, the clearance of blade was 40 mm, and the qualified rate of vine crushing and stubble height was 94.88 and 47.08 mm, respectively, and the relative error was less than 5%. The results can be used as a reference for improving the structure and optimizing the operation parameters of walking sweet potato crusher.
【作者单位】：农业部南京农业机械化研究所;
【基金】：国家现代农业甘薯产业技术体系建设专项(CSRS-11-B-16) 国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0701604)
【分类号】：S224.29

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