膜下滴灌间作盐生植物棉田水盐运移特征及脱盐效果

发布时间：2018-10-19 08:51

【摘要】：盐生植物改良盐碱地作为改良盐碱地最有效的方法之一,具有成本低,效率高,环境友好等特点,有良好的应用前景。该文包括2个研究目标:1)研究间作不同盐生植物的膜下滴灌棉田水盐运移特性;2)研究不同地下水埋深条件下盐生植物的盐碱地改良效果。针对第1个研究目标,设置了3种(孜然、碱蓬、苜蓿)间作盐生植物,进行大田试验,分析地下水埋深相似条件下间作不同盐生植物时土壤水盐分布状况;针对第2个研究目标,设置了4种地下水埋深(1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0 m),进行均衡场试验,研究不同地下水埋深条件下间作盐生植物时地下水的补给比例和土壤脱盐效果。结果表明:1)膜下滴灌棉田间作盐生植物能明显提高棉花生育期膜间和膜内0~30 cm土层平均含水率,且碱蓬效果最明显;间作条件下苜蓿、碱蓬、孜然、对照0~100 cm土层平均脱盐率依次为55.97%、-18.77%、-21.43%、-307.52%,即苜蓿的总脱盐率效果最好;间作盐生植物能在一定程度上抑制0~100 cm土层钠离子和氯离子的聚集,同时增加棉花产量和提高其水分利用效率,且碱蓬对抑制盐离子累积的效果最好;2)间作条件下,地下水埋深越浅,0~100 cm土层平均含水率越高,膜内膜间的含水率差异越小,土壤的脱盐率越低。与未间作相比,间作种植有效的提高了土壤脱盐率,增加了棉花产量、提高了地下水补给比例和水分利用效率。可见,膜下滴灌棉田间作盐生植物不仅可以有效降低土壤含盐量,增加其含水率,还可以增加棉花产量和提高其水分利用效率,且间作碱蓬和苜蓿的节水、脱盐、增产效果较好,这为膜下滴灌土壤盐碱地改良提供了有效的理论支撑。
[Abstract]:As one of the most effective methods to improve saline-alkali land, halophyte has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency and friendly environment, so it has a good prospect of application. This paper includes two research objectives: 1) study on the water and salt transport characteristics of intercropping different halophytes in drip irrigation cotton field, 2) study on the effect of saline-alkali soil improvement of halophytes under different groundwater depth. In view of the first research objective, three kinds of intercropping halophytes (cumin, Suaeda salsa, alfalfa) were set up to carry out field experiments to analyze the distribution of soil water and salt in different halophytes under the condition of similar groundwater depth. Aiming at the second research objective, four kinds of groundwater burial depth (1.5 ~ 2. 0 ~ 2. 5 ~ 3. 0 m),) were set up to carry out a balanced field test. The recharge ratio of groundwater and the effect of soil desalination under different groundwater depth were studied. The results showed that: 1) the intercropping halophytes in cotton field under film drip irrigation could significantly increase the average soil moisture content of 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer during cotton growth period, and the effect of Suaeda salsa was the most obvious, and alfalfa, Suaeda salsa, cumin under intercropping condition. The average desalinization rate of 0 ~ (10) cm soil layer was 55.97 ~ 18.77 ~ 21.43, that is, the total desalinization rate of alfalfa was the best, and the intercropping halophyte could restrain the accumulation of sodium and chloride ions in 0 ~ 100 cm soil layer to a certain extent, at the same time increase cotton yield and water use efficiency. And Suaeda salsa had the best effect on inhibiting salt ion accumulation. 2) under intercropping condition, the shallower the groundwater was, the higher the average water content of 0 ~ 100 cm soil layer was, the smaller the difference of water content between membrane was, and the lower the desalinization rate of soil was. Compared with non-intercropping, intercropping increased soil desalinization rate, cotton yield, groundwater recharge ratio and water use efficiency. It can be seen that the intercropping halophytes in cotton field under film drip irrigation can not only effectively reduce the soil salt content and increase its moisture content, but also increase cotton yield and water use efficiency, and the intercropping Suaeda salsa and alfalfa can save water and desalinate. The effect of increasing yield is better, which provides an effective theoretical support for soil saline-alkali land improvement under drip irrigation under film.
【作者单位】：西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51379173) 陕西省教育厅重点实验室科研计划项目(16JS085)
【分类号】：S156.4

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