吕梁方山不同土地利用类型土壤入渗性能对比研究

发布时间：2018-10-23 16:28

【摘要】：本试验针对吕梁方山地区十二种土地利用类型采用双环法对其土壤入渗性能进行探究。对不同土地利用类型土壤的基本物理性质进行分析,讨论不同土壤深度下土壤容重和土壤初始含水率的变化规律,进而比较分析十二种土地利用类型、四种乔木林地之间以及四种农耕地之间的土壤入渗速率随入渗时间的变化规律,并通过三种经验模型(Kostiakov经验公式、通用经验公式、Horton经验公式)对十二种土地利用类型的土壤入渗过程曲线进行拟合回归分析。试验结果表明：(1)除路面外其他五种土地利用类型的土壤容重随着土壤深度的增大呈波动性增长,浮动范围在1.0-1.5g/cm3之间；而路面的土壤容重则随土壤深度的增大逐渐降低,其表层土壤容重约是其他五种下垫面的1.5倍。(2)随着土壤深度的增大,各土地利用类型的初始含水率呈缓慢增大的趋势,且相互关系表现为：农耕地撂荒地乔木林地荒草地裸地路面。(3)十二种土地利用类型的土壤入渗速率均表现为在渗润阶段骤降,渗漏阶段缓慢降低,随后逐渐趋于稳定。且初始入渗速率在1.23-17.53mm/min范围内,表现为：荒草地向日葵地槐树林地撂荒地谷子地黍子地裸地油松林地土豆地榆树林地核桃林地路面；稳定入渗速率差异较小,表现为：谷子地撂荒地向日葵地土豆地黍子地榆树林地槐树林地荒草地核桃林地油松林地裸地路面。(4)十二种土地利用类型土壤的入渗试验过程中,多数经Horton经验公式的拟合结果较好,另外路面、裸地经Kostiakov公式的拟合结果较好,槐树林地和谷子地经通用经验公式的拟合度在0.8左右,油松林地的拟合结果在三种经验公式模型下都很好。所以,在干旱的黄土丘陵沟壑区,Horton经验公式更适合于本区域的土壤入渗研究。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, twelve land use types in Fangshan area of Lv Liang were studied by double-ring method. The basic physical properties of different land use types were analyzed, and the changes of soil bulk density and soil initial moisture content under different soil depths were discussed, and then twelve types of land use were compared and analyzed. The change of soil infiltration rate with infiltration time between four kinds of tree forest land and four kinds of agricultural land, and through three kinds of empirical models (Kostiakov empirical formula), General empirical formula and Horton empirical formula) fitting regression analysis of soil infiltration process curve of 12 land use types. The results showed that: (1) the soil bulk density of the other five land use types except pavement increased with the increase of soil depth, and the floating range was between 1.0-1.5g/cm3, while the soil bulk density of pavement gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth. The bulk density of the surface soil is about 1.5 times that of the other five underlying surfaces. (2) with the increase of soil depth, the initial moisture content of each land use type increases slowly. The relationship between the soil infiltration rate of 12 types of land use showed that the infiltration rate of the 12 land use types decreased sharply in the infiltration stage, decreased slowly in the seepage stage, and then tended to stabilize gradually, and the relationship was as follows: (1) the soil infiltration rate of the 12 types of land use decreased sharply, then decreased slowly in the infiltration stage, and then tended to stabilize gradually. The initial infiltration rate was in the range of 1.23-17.53mm/min, which was shown as follows: in the waste grassland, sunflower land, Sophora japonica forest land, abandoned millet field, bare field, Pinus tabulaeformis forest land, potato forest land, elm forest land, walnut forest, and the stable infiltration rate had little difference. The results were as follows: sunflower field, potato field, elm forest, forest land, wild grassland, walnut forest, pine forest, bare land pavement. (4) during the infiltration experiment of 12 kinds of land use type soil, Most of the fitting results by Horton empirical formula are better, in addition, the fitting result of bare land by Kostiakov formula is better, and the fitting degree of common empirical formula of Sophora acacia forest land and millet is about 0. 8. The fitting results of Pinus tabulaeformis forest land are very good under three kinds of empirical formula models. Therefore, in the arid loess hilly and gully region, Horton empirical formula is more suitable for the study of soil infiltration in this region.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S152.7

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