生物质炭对苏打盐渍土理化性质的影响研究

发布时间：2018-10-24 06:18

【摘要】：生物质炭因其具有多孔性和巨大的比表面积,被用作改善土壤物理结构的改良剂。为了评价生物质炭对苏打盐渍土的改良效果,本研究采用多因素完全随机实验设计,将0、1%、2%、5%、10%(炭土比)的生物质炭和0、10、30、50、80 m L·kg-1(酸土比)盐酸均匀混合,添加于苏打盐渍土中,通过室内培养实验,研究了不同生物质炭和盐酸混合处理对轻度、中度苏打盐渍化土壤的p H值、EC、容重、渗透系数,以及所生长作物燕麦株高和干重等的影响。结果表明:1.生物质炭的施入使轻度苏打盐渍土容重下降了5.9%~20%,使中度苏打盐渍化土壤的容重下降了4.1%~19%;使轻度苏打盐渍土的渗透系数增加了7.7%~61.5%,使中度苏打盐渍土的渗透系数增加了35%以上;生物质炭在一定程度上可使苏打盐渍土的p H值降低,且不同生物质炭用量对不同盐渍化程度的苏打盐渍土p H值的影响不同,具体表现为:1%、2%、5%、10%的生物质炭都使苏打盐渍土的p H值在一定程度上降低,5%生物质炭使轻度苏打盐渍土p H值降低最多(0.87个单位),使中度苏打盐渍土p H值降低最少(0.21个单位);此外,1%、2%、5%的生物质炭可以促进燕麦生长,10%生物质炭则对燕麦生长有抑制作用。2.生物质炭和盐酸配施使轻度苏打盐渍土容重降低了5.9%~28.1%,使中度苏打盐渍土容重降低了3.4%~27.2%;使轻度苏打盐渍土p H值降低0.01~0.62个单位,使中度苏打盐渍土的p H值降低了0.62~1.16个单位。生物质炭和盐酸配施较同一水平的生物质炭单独作用对苏打盐渍土的改良效果更好,更能促进燕麦生长。3.2%生物质炭配和30 m L·kg-1的0.5N盐酸处理,使轻度苏打盐渍化土壤的p H值降低到7.61,容重下降19.2%,渗透系数升高31.6%,燕麦株高增加6.3%,干重增加65.5%,且与施用脱硫石膏的对照组无显著差异,可以作为轻度苏打盐渍化土壤的改良剂配方;5%生物质炭和10 m L·kg-1的0.5N盐酸组合处理,使中度苏打盐渍化土壤p H降低到8.06,容重下降19%,渗透系数从2×10-4cm·s-1升高到1.7×10-3cm·s-1,燕麦长势良好,比5%生物质炭单独作用效果更好,更能有效改良中度苏打盐渍化土壤。
[Abstract]:Biomass carbon is used as an improver to improve the physical structure of soil because of its porosity and large specific surface area. In order to evaluate the improvement effect of biomass carbon on soda-saline soil, a multi-factor random experimental design was adopted in this study. In this study, the mixture of 10% (carbon-soil ratio) biomass carbon and 5080ml kg-1 (acid-soil ratio) hydrochloric acid was added to the soda-saline soil. The effects of mixed treatment of biomass carbon and hydrochloric acid on pH value, EC, bulk density, osmotic coefficient, plant height and dry weight of oats grown in mild and moderate soda-salinized soils were studied in laboratory. The results show that: 1. The application of biomass carbon reduced the bulk density of mild soda-salt soil by 5.920%, and decreased the bulk density of moderately soda-salinized soil by 4.1%, increased the permeability coefficient of mild soda-saline soil by 7.775%, and increased the permeability coefficient of moderate soda-saline soil by more than 35%. Biomass carbon can reduce pH value of soda-saline soil to some extent, and the effect of biomass carbon dosage on pH value of soda-salinized soil with different degree of salinization is different. The results are as follows: (1) 10% biomass charcoal can reduce pH value of soda-saline soil to some extent, 5% biomass charcoal can reduce pH value of mild soda-salt soil most (0.87 units), and make moderate soda-saline soil decrease least pH value. (0.21 units), in addition, 5% biomass charcoal could promote oat growth, while 10% biomass carbon could inhibit oat growth. 2. Combined application of biomass carbon and hydrochloric acid reduced the bulk density of mild soda-saline soil by 5.9% and 28.1U, and decreased the bulk density of moderate soda-saline soil by 3.4c27.2cm, and the pH value of mild soda-saline soil decreased by 0.01g 0.62 units and 0.62-1.16 units respectively. The effects of biomass carbon and hydrochloric acid on the improvement of soda-saline soil were better than those of the same level of biomass carbon alone, and the growth of oats was promoted. The mixture of 3.2% biomass charcoal and 30 mL kg-1 0.5 N hydrochloric acid was used in the treatment. The pH value of mild soda-salinized soil was reduced to 7.61, the bulk density decreased 19.2%, the osmotic coefficient increased 31.6%, the height of oats increased 6.3%, the dry weight increased 65.5%, and there was no significant difference compared with the control group applying desulphurized gypsum. It can be used as an improver for mild soda-salinized soil, 5% biomass carbon and 10 mL kg-1 0.5N hydrochloric acid treatment can reduce pH to 8.06, bulk density decrease 19%, osmotic coefficient increases from 2 脳 10-4cm s-1 to 1.7 脳 10-3cm s-1, oat grows well. Compared with 5% biomass carbon alone, it can effectively improve the moderate soda-salinized soil.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（东北地理与农业生态研究所）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156.4

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