辽宁碱蓬根际土壤真菌多样性的季节变化及其耐盐性

发布时间：2018-11-03 16:06

【摘要】：采用稀释平板法和形态学鉴定法进行了辽宁碱蓬(Suaeda liaotungensis)根际土壤真菌的分离鉴定及季节、盐度对真菌多样性的影响分析。结果表明:春、夏、秋、冬四季辽宁碱蓬根际土壤中的真菌菌落数分别为6410、4180、5730和3340,种类分别为6属13种、9属16种、11属31种、6属12种,共分离鉴定出13属42种真菌;其根际土壤真菌的多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数,从大到小的次序均为秋夏春冬,3种指数均在秋季达到峰值;多样性指数和丰富度指数差异较大,均匀度指数波动较小,春季和冬季的均匀度指数相近。辽宁碱蓬根际土壤真菌种类明显多于无植被土壤,是无植被土壤的7倍,多样性指数和均匀度指数分别是无植被土壤的4—8倍和1—1.2倍;其根际土壤真菌优势种群包括青霉属(Penicillium)、葡萄穗霉属(Stachybotrys)、枝孢属(Cladosporium)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)和镰孢属(Fusarium);4个季节的优势菌不尽相同,但均有一个共同的优势菌属青霉属。以Na Cl浓度梯度法制造盐胁迫生境,检测辽宁碱蓬根际土壤真菌对盐胁迫的响应,结果表明:60%左右的菌种能耐受5%以下盐度、15%左右的菌种能耐10%—20%盐度;筛选出了6株高度耐盐菌:细交链孢霉、草酸青霉、产黄青霉、烟曲霉、细极链格孢和赭曲霉,其中最高耐盐菌种赭曲霉可耐20%盐度。创新之处在于以盐度和季节为变量检测辽宁碱蓬根际土壤真菌的种群构成,为其深入研究奠定了理论基础。
[Abstract]:The isolation and identification of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of Suaeda salsa (Suaeda liaotungensis) in Liaoning Province were carried out by dilution plate method and morphological identification. The effects of salinity and season on fungal diversity were analyzed. The results showed that the number of fungal colonies in the rhizosphere soil of Suaeda salsa in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 6410, 4180, 5730 and 3340, respectively. The species were 6 genera, 13 species, 9 genera, 16 species, 11 genera, 31 species, 6 genera and 12 species, respectively. 13 genera and 42 species of fungi were isolated and identified. The diversity index, richness index and evenness index of rhizosphere fungi were in the order of autumn, summer, spring and winter. The diversity index and richness index differ greatly, the evenness index fluctuates little, and the evenness index in spring and winter is similar. The species of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of Suaeda salsa in Liaoning Province were obviously more than those in the non-vegetated soil, and the diversity index and evenness index were 4-8 times and 1-1.2 times as much as those in the non-vegetated soil, respectively. The dominant populations of fungi in rhizosphere soil include Penicillium, (Penicillium), (Stachybotrys), (Cladosporium), Trichoderma, (Trichoderma), Aspergillus, (Aspergillus), and (Fusarium);, Fusarium. The dominant bacteria in four seasons are different, but they all belong to Penicillium. Salt stress habitat was made by Na Cl concentration gradient method, and the response of fungi to salt stress in rhizosphere soil of Suaeda salsa in Liaoning Province was tested. The results showed that 60% strains could tolerate less than 5% salinity, and 15% strains could tolerate 10% -20% salinity. Six strains of highly salt-tolerant bacteria, Alternaria sp., Penicillium oxalate, Penicillium flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria tenuifolia and Aspergillus ochratus, were screened out, and the highest salt-tolerant strain, Aspergillus ochratus, could tolerate 20% salinity. The innovation lies in the detection of the population composition of soil fungi in the rhizosphere of Suaeda salsa in Liaoning Province by using salinity and season as variables, which lays a theoretical foundation for its further study.
【作者单位】：辽宁师范大学生命科学学院;
【基金】：辽宁省教育厅项目(2008S135)
【分类号】：S154.3

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