福州市农田土壤养分空间变异特征

发布时间：2018-11-05 09:38

【摘要】：研究农田土壤养分空间分布特征及变异规律,分析地形因子对土壤养分空间分布的影响,对土壤养分的有效利用与管理具有重要意义。本文采用GIS和地统计学相结合的方法,揭示东南丘陵区福州市农田土壤养分(有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾)的空间分布特征和变异规律,并进一步探讨土壤养分含量与地形因子(地形起伏度、高程、地形湿度指数、沉积运输指数和坡度)之间的相关性。结果表明:福州市农田有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量范围分别为1.10~89.5 g/kg、1.00~461 mg/kg、0.300~298 mg/kg、和4.00~399 mg/kg,其变异系数范围为35.3%~99.0%,均属于中等变异水平;区域内耕地土壤养分存在明显的空间丰缺差异,大部分地区有机质和有效磷含量较为丰富,碱解氮含量处于中等偏上水平,速效钾含量相对较低;有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的块金系数分别为32.0%、37.3%、50.0%和50.0%,均呈中等强度空间自相关,表明同时受到结构和随机因素控制;有机质和碱解氮空间自相关尺度较大,且在步长小于0.3 km时,各方向(0°、45°、90°和135°)变化平稳,为各向同性,而有效磷和速效钾变程较小,且各方向变化较复杂,为各向异性。这些结果表明,政府需加强施肥指导,保持氮肥施用量的同时,合理增加钾肥,适当降低有机肥和磷肥施用。此外,在后续调查采样时,样点布设要考虑密度和方向性,适当加密有效磷和速效钾的采样,而有机质和碱解氮采样可以在此基础上适当减少样点。
[Abstract]:It is of great significance to study the spatial distribution characteristics and variation of soil nutrients and analyze the influence of topographic factors on the spatial distribution of soil nutrients, which is of great significance to the effective utilization and management of soil nutrients. Based on GIS and geostatistics, the spatial distribution and variation of soil nutrients (organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium) in farmland of Fuzhou City in southeastern hilly area were revealed. Furthermore, the correlation between soil nutrient content and topographic factors (topographic fluctuation, elevation, topographic moisture index, sediment transport index and slope) was discussed. The results showed that the contents of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in farmland in Fuzhou City were 1.100.89.5 g / kg ~ (-1) / kg ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) 461 mg/kg,0.300~298 mg/kg, and 4.00 ~ (399) mg/kg, respectively. The coefficient of variation is 35.30.The coefficient of variation belongs to the medium variation level. There are obvious spatial abundance and deficiency differences of soil nutrients in cultivated land in the region. The content of organic matter and available phosphorus is relatively rich in most areas, the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen is in the upper middle level, and the content of available potassium is relatively low. The bulk gold coefficients of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were 32.0% and 37.3%, respectively, which showed moderate spatial autocorrelation, indicating that they were controlled by both structure and random factors. The autocorrelation scale of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen is larger, and when the step size is less than 0.3 km, the change of each direction (0 掳, 45 掳, 90 掳and 135 掳) is stable and isotropic, while the variation range of available phosphorus and available potassium is smaller, and the variation of each direction is more complex. Anisotropy. These results indicated that the government should strengthen the guidance of fertilization, keep the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer, increase potassium fertilizer reasonably, and reduce the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer appropriately. In addition, the sampling of available phosphorus and available potassium should be properly encrypted when sampling the samples in follow-up investigation, and the sampling of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen can be reduced on this basis.
【作者单位】：福建师范大学地理科学学院;湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室;福建师范大学亚热带湿地研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41571287、31000209) 福建省科技厅重点项目(2014Y0054) 福建省公益类研究所项目(2014R1034-3) 福建省自然科学基金项目(2014J01119)
【分类号】：S158

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