长期施用化肥对土壤有机质含量及其组成的影响
发布时间：2018-11-08 18:12
【摘要】：土壤有机质是评价土壤肥力的重要指标之一,土壤肥力、作物生长与土壤有机质的含量和组成密切相关,有关长期定位施肥对土壤有机质含量和组成的影响一直是研究热点。在粮食生产中,化肥起到了不可替代的作用,但针对长期化肥施用条件下土壤有机质组成的变化特征研究较少,本文在借鉴前人研究的基础上,以中国草甸黑土29年的长期施肥定位试验为依托,通过田间取样和室内分析,研究不同施肥条件下(不施肥、N、P、K、NP、NK、PK、NPK),土壤有机碳、活性有机碳及碳库管理指数、腐殖质组成及结合形态特征的变化,同时对土壤有机无机复合体及胶散复合体组成的差异进行研究,得出以下结果:1、经过29年的施肥处理,供试的8个处理土壤有机碳含量在17.94~19.43g/kg之间,不施肥处理(CK)含量最低,氮磷钾配施处理(NPK)有机碳含量最高,比不施肥处理(CK)增加了8.08%。相比之下,氮、磷、钾配合施用对土壤有机碳累积效果要大于单一化学元素施入土壤。2、8个处理土壤活性有机碳的含量在3.36~4.91g/kg之间,氮钾配施处理(NK)土壤活性有机碳含量最高。经过29年的施肥处理,8个施肥处理的活性有机碳含量都显著低于初始试验活性有机碳含量,其中不施肥处理(CK)降低了27.74%。单施氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)处理的活性有机碳含量最低,比试验初始活性有机碳含量降低37.47%~39.46%。3、相对于氮磷钾配合施用(NPK),不施肥(CK)的碳库指数降低幅度最大,为7.63%,氮磷钾肥的单独施用(N、P、K)的土壤碳库指数分别降低了4.58%、5.34%、5.34%,且各处理之间的碳库指数差异不显著。氮、磷、钾两两配施(NP、NK、PK)的土壤碳库指数分别降低了2.29%、1.52%、0.76%。与不施肥(CK)相比,氮、磷、钾处理(N、P、K)的土壤碳库管理指数(CPMI)分别下降了18.85%、17.28%、20.52%,且各处理之间的碳库管理指数差异不显著。氮、磷、钾的配合施用处理(NP、NK、PK、NPK)的土壤碳库管理指数(CPMI)分别上升了28.07%、27.80%、22、95%、21.93%,且各处理之间的碳库管理指数差异不显著。4、草甸黑土在经过29年的化肥施用后,腐殖质的组成得到了更新,游离态和结合态腐殖质含量均得到了不同程度的提高,但它们的腐殖化度却均有所降低;不同胶散复合体的吸持有机碳能力为G2G1G0,G1虽然是水稳定性的,但其结合有机碳含量略高于G0组,G2组是胶散复合体存在的一个最好状态;草甸黑土土壤有机无机复合体组成以粉粒复合体为主,化肥的施用有利于土壤粉粒级和细砂粒级复合体的形成,使土壤中这2个粒级的复合体含量增加,粘粒复合体含量减少。不同化肥的施用会造成有机碳在不同复合体中分配不同,在粘粒复合体中,施肥使土壤有机碳的绝对含量增加,而使土壤有机碳的百分含量呈下降的趋势。
[Abstract]:Soil organic matter is one of the important indexes to evaluate soil fertility. Soil fertility and crop growth are closely related to the content and composition of soil organic matter. Chemical fertilizer plays an irreplaceable role in grain production, but there are few studies on the change characteristics of soil organic matter composition under long-term chemical fertilizer application. Based on the long-term fertilization location test of black soil in meadow in China for 29 years, the soil organic carbon (SOC) was studied under different fertilization conditions (no fertilization, NPK and NKPKN NPK) through field sampling and laboratory analysis. The changes of active organic carbon and carbon pool management index, humus composition and binding morphological characteristics, and the differences of soil organic-inorganic complex and colloidal compound composition were studied. The following results were obtained: 1, after 29 years of fertilization, The soil organic carbon content of the eight treatments was between 17.94~19.43g/kg, the (CK) content of no fertilization treatment was the lowest, the (NPK) organic carbon content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application treatment was the highest, which increased 8.08% compared with that of no fertilization treatment (CK). In contrast, the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application on soil organic carbon accumulation was higher than that of single chemical element applied to soil. 2, the content of soil active organic carbon in 8 treatments was between 3.36~4.91g/kg, The content of active organic carbon in (NK) soil treated with nitrogen and potassium was the highest. After 29 years of fertilization, the content of active organic carbon in the 8 treatments was significantly lower than that in the initial experiment, and the (CK) of the treatment without fertilization decreased 27.74%. The content of active organic carbon in (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) treatment was the lowest, which was 37.47% lower than that in the initial experiment, 39.46%, compared with that of N, P and K combined with (NPK), application. The carbon pool index of (CK) without fertilization decreased by 7.63. The soil carbon pool index of N, P and K fertilizer alone decreased by 4.58% and 5.34%, respectively. There was no significant difference in carbon pool index among different treatments. The soil carbon pool index of NP,NK,PK decreased by 2.29% and 1.52% and 0.76%, respectively. Compared with non-fertilized (CK), the soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) of N, P and K treatments decreased 18.85 ~ 17.28 ~ 20.52, respectively, and there was no significant difference in carbon pool management index between different treatments. The soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) of the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NP,NK,PK,NPK) increased 28.07% and 27.80% and 22.95% (21.93%) respectively, and there was no significant difference in the carbon pool management index among the treatments. After 29 years of chemical fertilizer application in meadow black soil, the humus composition was renewed and the contents of free and bound humus were increased to some extent, but their humification degree was decreased. The organic carbon absorbability of different colloidal complexes was G2G1G0G0G1, although it was stable in water, but its bound organic carbon content was slightly higher than that of G0 group. G2 group was the best state of colloidal composite. The soil organic-inorganic complex of meadow black soil is mainly composed of silt complex. The application of chemical fertilizer is beneficial to the formation of silt and fine sand grade complex, which increases the content of the two grain size complexes and decreases the clay grain complex content in the soil. Application of different chemical fertilizers will result in different distribution of organic carbon in different complexes. In clay complex, fertilization can increase the absolute content of soil organic carbon, but make the percentage of soil organic carbon decrease.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153.6;S143
本文编号：2319276
[Abstract]:Soil organic matter is one of the important indexes to evaluate soil fertility. Soil fertility and crop growth are closely related to the content and composition of soil organic matter. Chemical fertilizer plays an irreplaceable role in grain production, but there are few studies on the change characteristics of soil organic matter composition under long-term chemical fertilizer application. Based on the long-term fertilization location test of black soil in meadow in China for 29 years, the soil organic carbon (SOC) was studied under different fertilization conditions (no fertilization, NPK and NKPKN NPK) through field sampling and laboratory analysis. The changes of active organic carbon and carbon pool management index, humus composition and binding morphological characteristics, and the differences of soil organic-inorganic complex and colloidal compound composition were studied. The following results were obtained: 1, after 29 years of fertilization, The soil organic carbon content of the eight treatments was between 17.94~19.43g/kg, the (CK) content of no fertilization treatment was the lowest, the (NPK) organic carbon content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application treatment was the highest, which increased 8.08% compared with that of no fertilization treatment (CK). In contrast, the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application on soil organic carbon accumulation was higher than that of single chemical element applied to soil. 2, the content of soil active organic carbon in 8 treatments was between 3.36~4.91g/kg, The content of active organic carbon in (NK) soil treated with nitrogen and potassium was the highest. After 29 years of fertilization, the content of active organic carbon in the 8 treatments was significantly lower than that in the initial experiment, and the (CK) of the treatment without fertilization decreased 27.74%. The content of active organic carbon in (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) treatment was the lowest, which was 37.47% lower than that in the initial experiment, 39.46%, compared with that of N, P and K combined with (NPK), application. The carbon pool index of (CK) without fertilization decreased by 7.63. The soil carbon pool index of N, P and K fertilizer alone decreased by 4.58% and 5.34%, respectively. There was no significant difference in carbon pool index among different treatments. The soil carbon pool index of NP,NK,PK decreased by 2.29% and 1.52% and 0.76%, respectively. Compared with non-fertilized (CK), the soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) of N, P and K treatments decreased 18.85 ~ 17.28 ~ 20.52, respectively, and there was no significant difference in carbon pool management index between different treatments. The soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) of the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NP,NK,PK,NPK) increased 28.07% and 27.80% and 22.95% (21.93%) respectively, and there was no significant difference in the carbon pool management index among the treatments. After 29 years of chemical fertilizer application in meadow black soil, the humus composition was renewed and the contents of free and bound humus were increased to some extent, but their humification degree was decreased. The organic carbon absorbability of different colloidal complexes was G2G1G0G0G1, although it was stable in water, but its bound organic carbon content was slightly higher than that of G0 group. G2 group was the best state of colloidal composite. The soil organic-inorganic complex of meadow black soil is mainly composed of silt complex. The application of chemical fertilizer is beneficial to the formation of silt and fine sand grade complex, which increases the content of the two grain size complexes and decreases the clay grain complex content in the soil. Application of different chemical fertilizers will result in different distribution of organic carbon in different complexes. In clay complex, fertilization can increase the absolute content of soil organic carbon, but make the percentage of soil organic carbon decrease.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153.6;S143
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