保定市水利管道工程建设对生态环境的影响研究
发布时间：2018-11-11 18:22
【摘要】：近年来我国的水利管道工程建设事业得到快速的发展,同时也带来了日益严峻的环境问题,然而这一问题往往被忽视。对生态环境的破坏主要发生在建设施工期间,如不采取有效防治措施将会产生严重的生态危机。本文针对水利管道工程建设对环境的影响,以保定市南水北调配套工程水厂以上工程为例,通过实地调查和资料的收集分析,在总结现有管道工程环境治理实践经验的基础上,对管道工程建设中的环境污染和水土流失两个方面进行研究。以层次分析法和年侵蚀量模型法对主要污染源及其污染程度和水土流失量进行了统计分析,揭示了管道工程建设期间对环境的影响,并制定防治原则。本研究有助于减少水利管道工程对生态环境的破坏,具有促进管道工程建设与社会经济的协调发展,对生态环境具有重要的现实意义与环境效益。主要研究结果如下:1、管道工程建设对环境的影响主要表现在环境污染和水土流失两个方面。环境污染主要包括大气污染、噪声污染、固体废弃物、水污染、农田植被环境污染五个污染方面。管道工程建设易产生水土流失的敏感区域主要发生在工程管理区、一般主体工程区、穿河流段主体工程区、施工临时道路区、临时堆土区、施工营地和弃渣场。2、建立了基于层次分析法的管道工程施工期环境影响综合评价模型,以五个主要污染源作为准则层,细分污染源作为指标层。分析结果表明,准则层内固体废弃物环境污染程度最为严重,制约性贡献值达到了0.98,其次为噪声污染与农田植被环境污染,制约性贡献值皆为0.36;指标层内施工中产生的废弃物造成的环境影响制约性贡献值最大(0.9),其次为对农田植被的破坏(0.3624)、施工机械产生的噪声(0.2872)以及施工时产生的废水(0.2584)。固体废弃物主要通过填埋和植被种植进行防治,水污染的主要防治措施为土地渗滤系统,噪声污染则是通过加强管理来进行防治,农田植被破坏则通过施工后的人工植被恢复来治理。3、管道工程建设所产生的水土流失总量预测值为8922.55t,而原地貌的水土流失量在0~2440t之间。工程建设所产生的水土流失量是原地貌水土流失最大量的3.66倍。其中,一般主体工程区水土流失量为4353.66t,占总流失量的49%,需要对此进行重点防治。管道工程建设所产生的水土流失的防治措施主要包括工程措施、植物措施和临时措施,可通过修建泥浆池、沉砂池、种草植树、土地复耕、表土回覆等方法来进行防治。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of water conservancy pipelines in China has been developed rapidly, but also brought about increasingly serious environmental problems, but this problem is often ignored. The damage to ecological environment mainly occurs during construction and construction. If effective prevention and control measures are not taken, serious ecological crisis will occur. In view of the influence of water conservancy pipeline construction on the environment, taking the above project of Baoding South-to-North Water transfer Project as an example, through field investigation and data collection and analysis, the paper summarizes the practical experience of environmental management of existing pipeline engineering. Environmental pollution and soil erosion in pipeline construction are studied. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the annual erosion model method, the main pollution sources, their pollution and soil and water loss were statistically analyzed, and the effects on the environment during the pipeline construction were revealed, and the prevention and control principles were worked out. This study is helpful to reduce the damage to ecological environment caused by water conservancy pipeline engineering, promote the harmonious development of pipeline engineering construction and social economy, and have important practical significance and environmental benefit to ecological environment. The main results are as follows: 1. The effects of pipeline construction on the environment are mainly reflected in two aspects: environmental pollution and soil erosion. Environmental pollution mainly includes five aspects: air pollution, noise pollution, solid waste, water pollution and farmland vegetation pollution. The sensitive areas prone to soil erosion in pipeline construction mainly occur in the project management area, the general main engineering area, the main project area through the river section, the temporary road construction area, the temporary pile soil area, the construction camp and the dump site. A comprehensive assessment model of environmental impact during pipeline construction period based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is established. Five main pollution sources are taken as criterion layer and subdivision pollution source as index layer. The results showed that the environmental pollution of solid waste in the standard layer was the most serious, the contribution value of restraint reached 0.98, the second was noise pollution and farmland vegetation environmental pollution, and the contribution value of restraint was 0.36; The environmental impact contribution caused by the waste generated in the index layer construction is the largest (0. 9), followed by the damage to farmland vegetation (0.3624). Noise from construction machinery (0.2872) and waste water from construction (0.2584). Solid waste is mainly controlled by landfills and vegetation planting. The main control measures for water pollution are the land leachate system, and the noise pollution is prevented by strengthening management. The damage of farmland vegetation is controlled by the restoration of artificial vegetation after construction. 3. The total predicted value of soil and water loss caused by pipeline construction is 8922.55 t, and the amount of soil and water loss of the original geomorphology is 0.2440 t. The amount of soil and water loss caused by engineering construction is 3.66 times of the maximum amount of original geomorphologic soil and water loss. Among them, the amount of soil and water loss in general main engineering area is 4353.66 t, which accounts for 49% of the total loss. The prevention measures of soil erosion caused by pipeline construction mainly include engineering measures, plant measures and temporary measures, which can be prevented by building mud ponds, sand sinking ponds, recommended tree planting, land restoration, surface soil restoration and so on.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826;S157
本文编号：2325736
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of water conservancy pipelines in China has been developed rapidly, but also brought about increasingly serious environmental problems, but this problem is often ignored. The damage to ecological environment mainly occurs during construction and construction. If effective prevention and control measures are not taken, serious ecological crisis will occur. In view of the influence of water conservancy pipeline construction on the environment, taking the above project of Baoding South-to-North Water transfer Project as an example, through field investigation and data collection and analysis, the paper summarizes the practical experience of environmental management of existing pipeline engineering. Environmental pollution and soil erosion in pipeline construction are studied. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the annual erosion model method, the main pollution sources, their pollution and soil and water loss were statistically analyzed, and the effects on the environment during the pipeline construction were revealed, and the prevention and control principles were worked out. This study is helpful to reduce the damage to ecological environment caused by water conservancy pipeline engineering, promote the harmonious development of pipeline engineering construction and social economy, and have important practical significance and environmental benefit to ecological environment. The main results are as follows: 1. The effects of pipeline construction on the environment are mainly reflected in two aspects: environmental pollution and soil erosion. Environmental pollution mainly includes five aspects: air pollution, noise pollution, solid waste, water pollution and farmland vegetation pollution. The sensitive areas prone to soil erosion in pipeline construction mainly occur in the project management area, the general main engineering area, the main project area through the river section, the temporary road construction area, the temporary pile soil area, the construction camp and the dump site. A comprehensive assessment model of environmental impact during pipeline construction period based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is established. Five main pollution sources are taken as criterion layer and subdivision pollution source as index layer. The results showed that the environmental pollution of solid waste in the standard layer was the most serious, the contribution value of restraint reached 0.98, the second was noise pollution and farmland vegetation environmental pollution, and the contribution value of restraint was 0.36; The environmental impact contribution caused by the waste generated in the index layer construction is the largest (0. 9), followed by the damage to farmland vegetation (0.3624). Noise from construction machinery (0.2872) and waste water from construction (0.2584). Solid waste is mainly controlled by landfills and vegetation planting. The main control measures for water pollution are the land leachate system, and the noise pollution is prevented by strengthening management. The damage of farmland vegetation is controlled by the restoration of artificial vegetation after construction. 3. The total predicted value of soil and water loss caused by pipeline construction is 8922.55 t, and the amount of soil and water loss of the original geomorphology is 0.2440 t. The amount of soil and water loss caused by engineering construction is 3.66 times of the maximum amount of original geomorphologic soil and water loss. Among them, the amount of soil and water loss in general main engineering area is 4353.66 t, which accounts for 49% of the total loss. The prevention measures of soil erosion caused by pipeline construction mainly include engineering measures, plant measures and temporary measures, which can be prevented by building mud ponds, sand sinking ponds, recommended tree planting, land restoration, surface soil restoration and so on.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826;S157
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 程金香,马俊杰,王伯铎,刘玉龙,林积泉;输油管道工程环境影响的分析[J];水土保持学报;2003年06期
2 赵昌亮;;浅谈水利工程施工区的水土保持措施[J];山西水土保持科技;2012年04期
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