水稻生殖生长阶段不同时期高温热害对产量损失的影响

发布时间：2018-11-16 19:47

【摘要】：在人工气候室采用盆栽模拟水稻生殖生长阶段的高温胁迫热害,研究不同时期及不同持续时间的高温胁迫对水稻产量及产量特征的影响。结果表明,超级杂交水稻Y两优1号与常规优质稻桂育9号,以抽穗扬花期计为0 d,分别在-9 d、-6 d、-3 d、0 d、3 d、6 d、9 d、12 d不同生育时间遭遇高温胁迫时的颖花结实率变化趋势相当,抽穗扬花期当天遭遇高温胁迫处理的颖花结实率最低,且随胁迫处理时间的延长,损害加重;在持续处理5 d的条件下,-3 d期的高温处理对颖花结实率的降低也很严重,甚至低于抽穗扬花当天高温胁迫处理3 d时的结实率。不同时期的高温胁迫处理的损害在品种间存在显著差异,选择耐热性较强的品种有利于应对局部生态点易发生的热害天气。
[Abstract]:The effects of high temperature stress on the yield and yield characteristics of rice in different periods and different durations were studied in the artificial climate room by pot culture simulation of high temperature stress in the reproductive growth stage of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The results showed that the super hybrid rice Yliangyou 1 and the conventional high quality rice Guiyu9 were 0 d, 0 d, and -9 d ~ (-1) ~ 6 ~ (- 6) d ~ (-1) ~ (3) D ~ + ~ (3) D ~ (-1) ~ 6 ~ 6 d ~ (-1) ~ (6) D ~ (-1), respectively. The change trend of spikelet seed setting rate was the same at different growing times at 12 days, and the highest rate of spikelet setting was observed on the same day of heading and flowering, and the damage was aggravated with the prolongation of stress time. Under the condition of continuous treatment for 5 days, the reduction of spikelet seed setting rate was also very serious under -3 days high temperature treatment, even lower than that under high temperature stress treatment on heading day for 3 days. The damage caused by high temperature stress in different periods was significantly different among varieties, and the selection of varieties with strong heat tolerance was helpful to deal with the heat damage weather easily occurring in local ecological sites.
【作者单位】：广西农业科学院水稻研究所/广西水稻遗传育种重点实验室;广西大学农学院;
【基金】：国家自然基金地区科学基金项目(31560363) 广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科合15104001-27) 广西农业重点科技计划项目(201530) 广西农科院科研基金项目(桂农科2016YM58,2017YZ09)
【分类号】：S42;S511

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