沼渣对土壤微生态结构、土壤酶活及理化性状的影响

发布时间：2018-11-18 16:21

【摘要】：笔者于张家口坝上露地,以娃娃菜为试验材料研究以相同养分含量沼渣、鸡粪和化肥连续底施对土壤中可培养微生物数量、微生物菌群结构、土壤酶活、土壤理化性状的影响。采用传统微生物分离的方法,利用PB,高氏1号和PDA培养基分离并统计可培养细菌、放线菌和真菌的数量;采用标准的土壤酶活和理化性状测定方法,检测娃娃菜根围0~20 cm耕层土壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶的活性、土壤养分含量及土壤物理性状。结果表明,与化肥相比,沼渣处理使土壤中可培养真菌数量降低34.09%,可培养细菌和放线菌数量分别增加102.53%和291.89%,土壤由真菌型向细菌型过渡,利于降低真菌病害的发生率;使土壤蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶的活性增高,增率分别为43.11%,41.28%,35.29%和6.13%;使土壤中全氮、磷、钾的累积含量降低,利于向速效氮、磷、钾的转化,提高土壤中铁、铜、锌微量元素的含量;改善土壤的物理结构,持水量提高15.03%,容重降低15.20%。可见,沼渣作为优质有机肥连续底施,可有效改善土壤的微生态结构、提高酶活性、减少过量养分的累积、改善土壤质量,利于土壤的健康持续应用。
[Abstract]:In the open field of Zhangjiakou Bashang, the effects of the same nutrient content of biogas residue, chicken manure and chemical fertilizer on the quantity of culturable microorganisms, microbial community structure, soil enzyme activity and physical and chemical properties of soil were studied. By using the traditional method of microbial isolation, the numbers of culturable bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were separated and counted by using PB, Gaoshi 1 and PDA medium. The soil urease, neutral phosphatase, sucrase, catalase activity, soil nutrient content and soil physical properties were determined by standard soil enzyme activity and physicochemical properties method. The results showed that compared with chemical fertilizer, the amount of culturable fungi decreased 34.09%, the number of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes increased 102.53% and 291.89%, respectively, and the soil changed from fungal type to bacterial type. To reduce the incidence of fungal diseases; The activities of sucrase, neutral phosphatase, urease and catalase were increased by 43.11% and 6.13%, respectively. The accumulative contents of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil were decreased, which was beneficial to the transformation of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the content of trace elements of iron, copper and zinc in the soil was increased. The physical structure of the soil was improved, the water holding capacity was increased by 15.03 and the bulk density was decreased by 15.20. It can be seen that as a continuous application of high quality organic fertilizer, biogas residue can effectively improve soil microecological structure, increase enzyme activity, reduce the accumulation of excessive nutrients, improve soil quality, and contribute to the healthy and sustainable application of soil.
【作者单位】：河北省科学院生物研究所;河北经贸大学经济研究所;
【基金】：国家星火计划(2015GA620005) 河北省科学院项目(2013056008) 河北省社会科学基金项目(HB15YJ065) 市科技局项目(151490352A)
【分类号】：S141

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