不同种稻年限苏打盐碱地水田土壤酶活性变化及其与养分含量关系
发布时间：2018-11-21 06:53
【摘要】：土壤酶是能够催化土壤中大部分生化反应的生物活性物质,是反映土壤质量的重要指标,被广泛用于评价土壤营养循环转化状况及各类农业措施的使用效果。种稻是改良苏打盐碱地最有效的措施之一,前期研究资料多以土壤理化指标的改变为重点来探讨种稻对盐碱地的改良成效,缺乏生物学性状对土壤肥力变化的影响,本研究从土壤基本理化性质以及有机质等养分指标入手,将生物学指标融汇其中,丰富了改良后土壤养分生物化学转化过程的理论依据,对于完善种稻改良盐碱地机理的完整性以及扩展土壤肥力的综合指标评价具有重要意义。本研究以吉林省前郭县套浩太乡碱巴拉村未经改良的废弃草原土壤作为对照,分别采集改良不同年限、不同土层深度的苏打盐碱地水田土壤为研究对象,取样后进行研究分析,测定了过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶的酶活性及土壤养分的含量,分析了五种土壤酶在不同年限间、不同土层深度的变化规律及其与土壤养分之间的关系,其主要研究结果如下:1.随种稻年限和土层深度的增加,过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性总体呈下降趋势;过氧化物酶活性在耕作层、犁底层总体呈下降趋势,心土层表现为规律性波动上升;脲酶、蔗糖酶活性在耕作层均为逐年增强,而两种酶的活性在犁底层和心土层表现的规律不明显。2.在不同种稻年限的耕作层中,蔗糖酶活性与脲酶活性达极显著正相关,过氧化氢酶活性与蔗糖酶活性呈极显著负相关,与脲酶活性呈显著负相关;过氧化物酶与过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶呈显著正相关,与蔗糖酶呈显著负相关;犁底层中,各种酶活性之间均未达到显著相关。心土层中,过氧化物酶活性与蔗糖酶活性呈显著正相关,与耕作层相关性不同。3.随着种稻年限的增加,与对照相比,相同土层深度间pH呈现逐年降低的趋势,而有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量呈现逐年升高的趋势,土壤全磷、速效磷含量在耕作层表现为逐年上升,其它层次间没有显著变化规律;土壤全钾、速效钾含量在各层次间均没有特殊规律。4.耕作层中,过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等相关性达显著或极显著水平,碱性磷酸酶未发现与养分因子的相关性,除过氧化氢酶外,碱性磷酸酶连同其他三种土壤酶与pH均有不同程度的相关性;犁底层中,土壤脲酶与速效钾、速效磷相关性都达到显著以上,并且脲酶与过氧化物酶活性与pH均呈极显著负相关;心土层中,过氧化氢酶活性与pH值呈显著正相关。随着改良年限的增加,供试土壤酶活性均受到土壤养分不同程度的影响,且酶活性间及其与土壤养分间都存在很好的相关性,本研究发现,不同种稻年限耕作层土壤酶活性间的相关性及其与土壤养分间的相关性都好于犁底层和心土层。
[Abstract]:Soil enzyme is a bioactive substance that can catalyze most biochemical reactions in soil and is an important index to reflect soil quality. It is widely used to evaluate the status of soil nutrient cycling and the effect of various agricultural measures. Planting rice is one of the most effective measures to improve soda-saline-alkali land. The previous research data focused on the change of soil physical and chemical indexes to discuss the effect of rice planting on the improvement of saline-alkali land, and the effect of lack of biological characters on soil fertility. In this study, the basic physical and chemical properties of soil and the nutrient indexes such as organic matter were merged into the biological indexes, which enriched the theoretical basis for the biochemical transformation of soil nutrients. It is of great significance to improve the integrity of the mechanism of improving saline-alkali land and to evaluate the comprehensive index of soil fertility. In this study, the unimproved waste steppe soil in Qianguo County, Jilin Province, was used as the control, and the paddy soil of soda saline-alkali land with different years and different soil depth was collected and analyzed after sampling. The enzyme activities of catalase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, urease, sucrase and the content of soil nutrients were determined. The variation of soil depth and its relationship with soil nutrients are studied as follows: 1. The activity of catalase and alkaline phosphatase decreased with the increase of planting years and depth of soil layer, the activity of peroxidase in cultivated layer, plow bottom layer, and core layer showed a regular fluctuation. The activities of urease and sucrase increased year by year in the cultivated layer, but the activity of the two enzymes was not obvious in the bottom layer of plow and the soil layer of the heart. 2. The activity of sucrase was positively correlated with urease activity, catalase activity was negatively correlated with sucrase activity, and urease activity was negatively correlated with urease activity. Peroxidase was positively correlated with catalase and alkaline phosphatase, but negatively correlated with sucrase. The peroxidase activity was positively correlated with sucrase activity in the soil layer and was different from that in cultivated layer. With the increase of rice years, compared with the control, the pH of the same soil depth decreased year by year, while the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen increased year by year, and the total phosphorus of the soil increased year by year. The content of available phosphorus in tilling layer increased year by year, but there was no significant change among other layers. The contents of total potassium and available potassium in soil have no special rules among different levels. 4. In tilling layer, the correlation between catalase, peroxidase, urease, sucrase and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium was significant or extremely significant, but alkaline phosphatase was not correlated with nutrient factor. In addition to catalase, alkaline phosphatase and three other soil enzymes were correlated with pH to some extent. Soil urease and available potassium and available phosphorus were significantly correlated in the bottom layer of plow, and urease and peroxidase activity were negatively correlated with pH, while in heart soil, catalase activity was positively correlated with pH value. With the increase of the number of years of improvement, the soil enzyme activities were affected by soil nutrients to varying degrees, and there was a good correlation between the enzyme activities and soil nutrients. The correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil nutrients in cultivated layer of different rice years was better than that in plow bottom layer and core soil layer.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S154.2;S158
，
本文编号：2346218
[Abstract]:Soil enzyme is a bioactive substance that can catalyze most biochemical reactions in soil and is an important index to reflect soil quality. It is widely used to evaluate the status of soil nutrient cycling and the effect of various agricultural measures. Planting rice is one of the most effective measures to improve soda-saline-alkali land. The previous research data focused on the change of soil physical and chemical indexes to discuss the effect of rice planting on the improvement of saline-alkali land, and the effect of lack of biological characters on soil fertility. In this study, the basic physical and chemical properties of soil and the nutrient indexes such as organic matter were merged into the biological indexes, which enriched the theoretical basis for the biochemical transformation of soil nutrients. It is of great significance to improve the integrity of the mechanism of improving saline-alkali land and to evaluate the comprehensive index of soil fertility. In this study, the unimproved waste steppe soil in Qianguo County, Jilin Province, was used as the control, and the paddy soil of soda saline-alkali land with different years and different soil depth was collected and analyzed after sampling. The enzyme activities of catalase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, urease, sucrase and the content of soil nutrients were determined. The variation of soil depth and its relationship with soil nutrients are studied as follows: 1. The activity of catalase and alkaline phosphatase decreased with the increase of planting years and depth of soil layer, the activity of peroxidase in cultivated layer, plow bottom layer, and core layer showed a regular fluctuation. The activities of urease and sucrase increased year by year in the cultivated layer, but the activity of the two enzymes was not obvious in the bottom layer of plow and the soil layer of the heart. 2. The activity of sucrase was positively correlated with urease activity, catalase activity was negatively correlated with sucrase activity, and urease activity was negatively correlated with urease activity. Peroxidase was positively correlated with catalase and alkaline phosphatase, but negatively correlated with sucrase. The peroxidase activity was positively correlated with sucrase activity in the soil layer and was different from that in cultivated layer. With the increase of rice years, compared with the control, the pH of the same soil depth decreased year by year, while the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen increased year by year, and the total phosphorus of the soil increased year by year. The content of available phosphorus in tilling layer increased year by year, but there was no significant change among other layers. The contents of total potassium and available potassium in soil have no special rules among different levels. 4. In tilling layer, the correlation between catalase, peroxidase, urease, sucrase and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium was significant or extremely significant, but alkaline phosphatase was not correlated with nutrient factor. In addition to catalase, alkaline phosphatase and three other soil enzymes were correlated with pH to some extent. Soil urease and available potassium and available phosphorus were significantly correlated in the bottom layer of plow, and urease and peroxidase activity were negatively correlated with pH, while in heart soil, catalase activity was positively correlated with pH value. With the increase of the number of years of improvement, the soil enzyme activities were affected by soil nutrients to varying degrees, and there was a good correlation between the enzyme activities and soil nutrients. The correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil nutrients in cultivated layer of different rice years was better than that in plow bottom layer and core soil layer.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S154.2;S158
，
本文编号：2346218
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