添加不同作物秸秆对土壤酸度变化的影响
发布时间：2018-11-21 08:22
【摘要】：如今环境问题受到全球关注,土壤酸化等问题也逐渐被重视,如何解决土壤酸化问题已经迫在眉睫,相关研究表明,秸秆还田能够明显减缓土壤酸化的进程。本文针对东北地区常见的大豆,花生和玉米3种作物的秸秆和叶片部分添加到土壤后对土壤pH值、交换性酸及其它化学性质的变化为主要的研究,探讨了添加不同作物秸秆与土壤酸度的关系。本试验以吉林农业大学试验田土壤为供试土壤,进行6个月的培养实验,将不添加作物秸秆土样作为对照处理,针对添加不同作物秸秆、不同量的条件下土壤pH值、交换性酸,交换性能等指标进行相关性分析,对不同作物秸秆对土壤pH值的影响进行了探讨,得出以下结论:(1)在培养过程中,对照组土壤pH值呈逐渐降低趋势;添加不同量的3种作物秸秆和叶片的土壤pH值呈现先升高后降低趋势,在培养到第二个月时土壤pH值均达到最大,培养结束时,不同作物不同添加量相比,并不随着添加量的增加而呈现有规律的变化,添加大豆秸秆20g/kg相比于对照(5.04)增加了0.97,提升幅度最大;同种作物的秸秆和叶片相比,秸秆对土壤pH值的影响更好。(2)添加3种秸秆和叶片处理的土壤交换性酸、交换性AL3+的含量均低于对照,但是对交换性H+的影响不显著。培养结束时,不同作物不同添加量,并不随着添加量的增加而呈现有规律的变化,添加大豆秸秆20g/kg的交换性酸明显低于对照,相比于对照(0.58 cmol/kg)降低了0.37 cmol/kg;添加玉米秸秆和叶片10 g/kg、15g/kg和20 g/kg的交换性酸的量高于添加5g/kg,同种作物的秸秆和叶片相比,秸秆对降低交换性酸、交换性AL3+的效果更好。不同作物秸秆相比,大豆秸秆对交换性酸的降低效果最好,花生秸秆次之。(3)添加3种作物秸秆和叶片的土壤有机质含量在培养结束时均明显高于对照,相比于对照组(13.79g/kg)增加幅度均在14.97g/kg以上,说明添加不同作物秸秆和叶片均可增加土壤有机质,其中添加大豆叶片对有机质增加效果最好。(4)添加3种作物秸秆和叶片的土壤交换性能均有所提升,能够明显提高土壤中交换性盐基离子的总量。添加大豆秸秆20g/kg对土壤交换性能的提升效果最为明显。相关性分析表明:添加3种作物秸秆和叶片后土壤pH与盐基饱和度、阳离子交换量、交换性钙呈正相关,而与土壤有机质含量不相关。(5)添加3种作物秸秆和叶片的土壤酸碱缓冲容量显著高于对照,均可以使土壤的酸碱缓冲容量增加。但是在培养结束时,添加大豆秸秆20g/kg效果明显优于添加其他作物秸秆和叶片的处理。综上所述,添加不同作物秸秆和叶片能够明显改善土壤的酸化状况,无论是秸秆部分还是叶片部分的施入都能有效提高土壤pH值,显著降低土壤中交换性酸和交换性AL3+含量。添加3种作物秸秆和叶片部分能够明显提高土壤中钙离子的含量,相关性分析表明,pH值的变化,主要归因于交换性钙的饱和度变化。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, environmental problems have been paid attention to all over the world and soil acidification has been paid more and more attention. It is urgent to solve the problem of soil acidification. Relevant studies have shown that straw returning to the field can obviously slow down the process of soil acidification. In this paper, the changes of soil pH value, exchangeable acid and other chemical properties of soybean, peanut and maize were studied by adding straw and leaf parts of soybean, peanut and corn to soil. The relationship between soil acidity and straw addition was discussed. In this experiment, the soil of Jilin Agricultural University was used as the test soil, and the culture experiment was conducted for 6 months. The soil samples without crop straw were treated as control, and the pH value and exchangeable acid of soil were studied under different conditions of different crop stalks. The effects of different crop stalks on soil pH values were analyzed by correlation analysis. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) in the process of culture, the soil pH values of the control group decreased gradually; The soil pH values of three different crop stalks and leaves increased at first and then decreased, and reached the maximum at the second month. At the end of cultivation, different crops were added with different amounts of pH. The addition of soybean straw 20g/kg increased by 0.97 compared with the control (5.04), and the increase range was the largest. The effect of straw on soil pH was better than that of the same crop. (2) the content of exchangeable AL3 was lower than that of control, but the effect on exchangeable H was not significant. At the end of cultivation, different crops did not change regularly with the increase of the added amount, and the exchangeable acid of soybean straw 20g/kg was significantly lower than that of the control. Compared with the control (0. 58 cmol/kg), the decrease was 0. 37 cmol/kg;. The amount of exchangeable acid added with 10 g / kg of corn straw and 10 g / kg of leaf for 15 g / kg and 20 g/kg was higher than that of adding 5 g / kg of corn straw. The effect of straw on reducing exchangeable acid and exchangeable AL3 was better than that of leaf of the same crop. Compared with different crop straws, soybean straw had the best effect on reducing exchangeable acid, followed by peanut straw. (3) the content of soil organic matter in three crop straws and leaves was significantly higher than that of control at the end of cultivation. Compared with the control group (13.79g/kg), the increase of soil organic matter was higher than that of the control group, indicating that the addition of different crop straw and leaf could increase soil organic matter. The addition of soybean leaves had the best effect on the increase of organic matter. (4) the soil exchange properties of the three crops straw and leaves were improved and the total amount of exchangeable base ions in the soil was obviously increased. The effect of adding soybean straw 20g/kg on soil exchange performance was the most obvious. Correlation analysis showed that soil pH was positively correlated with base saturation, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable calcium after adding three crop stalks and leaves. But it was not related to soil organic matter content. (5) the soil acid-base buffer capacity of three crops straw and leaf was significantly higher than that of the control, which could increase the soil acid-base buffer capacity. But at the end of cultivation, the effect of adding soybean straw 20g/kg was better than that of other crop straw and leaf. To sum up, adding different crop straw and leaves can obviously improve the acidification of soil. Both straw and leaf application can effectively increase soil pH value, significantly reduce the content of exchangeable acid and exchangeable AL3 in soil. The content of Ca ~ (2 +) in soil was significantly increased by adding straw and leaf parts of three crops. The correlation analysis showed that the change of pH value was mainly attributed to the change of exchangeable calcium saturation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156.6
本文编号：2346429
[Abstract]:Nowadays, environmental problems have been paid attention to all over the world and soil acidification has been paid more and more attention. It is urgent to solve the problem of soil acidification. Relevant studies have shown that straw returning to the field can obviously slow down the process of soil acidification. In this paper, the changes of soil pH value, exchangeable acid and other chemical properties of soybean, peanut and maize were studied by adding straw and leaf parts of soybean, peanut and corn to soil. The relationship between soil acidity and straw addition was discussed. In this experiment, the soil of Jilin Agricultural University was used as the test soil, and the culture experiment was conducted for 6 months. The soil samples without crop straw were treated as control, and the pH value and exchangeable acid of soil were studied under different conditions of different crop stalks. The effects of different crop stalks on soil pH values were analyzed by correlation analysis. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) in the process of culture, the soil pH values of the control group decreased gradually; The soil pH values of three different crop stalks and leaves increased at first and then decreased, and reached the maximum at the second month. At the end of cultivation, different crops were added with different amounts of pH. The addition of soybean straw 20g/kg increased by 0.97 compared with the control (5.04), and the increase range was the largest. The effect of straw on soil pH was better than that of the same crop. (2) the content of exchangeable AL3 was lower than that of control, but the effect on exchangeable H was not significant. At the end of cultivation, different crops did not change regularly with the increase of the added amount, and the exchangeable acid of soybean straw 20g/kg was significantly lower than that of the control. Compared with the control (0. 58 cmol/kg), the decrease was 0. 37 cmol/kg;. The amount of exchangeable acid added with 10 g / kg of corn straw and 10 g / kg of leaf for 15 g / kg and 20 g/kg was higher than that of adding 5 g / kg of corn straw. The effect of straw on reducing exchangeable acid and exchangeable AL3 was better than that of leaf of the same crop. Compared with different crop straws, soybean straw had the best effect on reducing exchangeable acid, followed by peanut straw. (3) the content of soil organic matter in three crop straws and leaves was significantly higher than that of control at the end of cultivation. Compared with the control group (13.79g/kg), the increase of soil organic matter was higher than that of the control group, indicating that the addition of different crop straw and leaf could increase soil organic matter. The addition of soybean leaves had the best effect on the increase of organic matter. (4) the soil exchange properties of the three crops straw and leaves were improved and the total amount of exchangeable base ions in the soil was obviously increased. The effect of adding soybean straw 20g/kg on soil exchange performance was the most obvious. Correlation analysis showed that soil pH was positively correlated with base saturation, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable calcium after adding three crop stalks and leaves. But it was not related to soil organic matter content. (5) the soil acid-base buffer capacity of three crops straw and leaf was significantly higher than that of the control, which could increase the soil acid-base buffer capacity. But at the end of cultivation, the effect of adding soybean straw 20g/kg was better than that of other crop straw and leaf. To sum up, adding different crop straw and leaves can obviously improve the acidification of soil. Both straw and leaf application can effectively increase soil pH value, significantly reduce the content of exchangeable acid and exchangeable AL3 in soil. The content of Ca ~ (2 +) in soil was significantly increased by adding straw and leaf parts of three crops. The correlation analysis showed that the change of pH value was mainly attributed to the change of exchangeable calcium saturation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156.6
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