常用农药对赤子爱胜蚓急性毒性和抗氧化酶系的影响

发布时间：2018-11-21 16:21

【摘要】：为评估农用化学品对蚯蚓的毒性,选择11种常用农药(吡虫啉、噻虫啉、阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯、吡蚜酮、噻嗪酮、毒死蜱、克百威、草甘膦、阿特拉津和百草枯)标准品和9种常用农药制剂作为受试物,采用人工土壤法研究其对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)的急性毒性效应,同时还测定了阿维菌素、吡虫啉和噻虫啉14 d暴露后对赤子爱胜蚓体内抗氧化酶(GST、CAT和T-SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,11种常用农药毒性等级从高到低依次为吡虫啉噻虫啉克百威毒死蜱阿特拉津阿维菌素草甘膦吡蚜酮噻嗪酮高效氯氰菊酯和百草枯,其中吡虫啉、噻虫啉和克百威对赤子爱胜蚓为中毒,其余为低毒。制剂毒性试验结果表明,相对其活性成分,部分农药制剂对赤子爱胜蚓的急性毒性有所增强。此外,0.1 mg a.i.·kg~(-1)的噻虫啉14 d暴露能显著抑制蚯蚓体内CAT活性,而同样浓度下T-SOD活性显著性上升;0.25 mg a.i.·kg~(-1)的阿维菌素暴露14 d则能显著促进蚯蚓GST活性;阿维菌素、吡虫啉和噻虫啉分别在0.5、0.1、0.5 mg a.i.·kg~(-1)的暴露水平,可以诱导蚯蚓MDA含量出现显著性变化。研究表明农药的大量不合理施用会对土壤生物产生不利影响并因此干扰土壤正常的生态功能。
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate the toxicity of agricultural chemicals to earthworms, 11 common pesticides (imidacloprid, thiamectin, abamectin, cypermethrin, pyriaprone, thiazone, chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, glyphosate) were selected. The acute toxicity of atrazine and paraquat) to (Eisenia fetida) was studied by artificial soil method, and abamectin was also determined. Effects of imidacloprid and thiacloprid on the activities of antioxidant enzymes (GST,CAT and T-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in Aisheng vermis after exposure for 14 days. The results showed that the toxicities of 11 commonly used pesticides ranged from high to low in the order of imidacloprid thiazoline, chlorpyridamine, atrazine, avermectin, glyphosate, pipriaprone, thiazone, cypermethrin and paraquat, among which imidacloprid, Thiamethrin and carbofuran were toxic to Aisheng vermis, and the rest were low toxicity. The results of toxicity test showed that the acute toxicity of some pesticide preparations to Aisheng vermis was enhanced compared with its active components. In addition, 0.1 mg a.i. kg~ (-1) could significantly inhibit the activity of CAT in earthworm after 14 d exposure, but the activity of T-SOD increased significantly at the same concentration. 0.25 mg a.i. kg~ (-1) exposure to abamectin for 14 days significantly promoted the GST activity of earthworms. Avermectin, imidacloprid and thiacloprid were exposed to 0.5 mg a.i. kg~ (-1), respectively, which could induce a significant change in MDA content of earthworms. It has been shown that a large number of irrational application of pesticides will have adverse effects on soil organisms and thus interfere with the normal ecological function of soil.
【作者单位】：国家环境保护农药环境评价与污染控制重点实验室环境保护部南京环境科学研究所;南京信息工程大学江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心;
【基金】：“十二五”科技支撑计划(2011BAE06B09) 环保公益性行业科研专项(201309026)~~
【分类号】：X592

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