可调节式秸秆粉碎抛撒还田机设计与试验

发布时间：2018-11-21 17:41

【摘要】：针对秸秆粉碎还田机粉碎后的秸秆抛撒均匀度差和幅宽不可调节等问题,设计了一种可调节式秸秆粉碎抛撒还田机。该机主要由曲面机壳、粉碎装置、抛撒装置和传动装置等组成,可以实现玉米、小麦秸秆的粉碎和粉碎后秸秆的抛撒还田。曲面机壳包括对数螺旋线型前壳体、左侧板、右侧板和后挡板等。Fluent仿真分析结果表明,曲面机壳相比传统折线型机壳有利于提高秸秆在机壳内的流动性。粉碎装置包括粉碎刀轴、组合甩刀、定刀等,其中粉碎刀轴两端装有扇形叶片,提高了曲面机壳内流体流动速度和曲面机壳入口处秸秆喂入性能。在曲面机壳出口处增加了装有导向叶片的导流板,并设计了一种同步调节所有导向叶片的导向叶片同步调节装置,实现了粉碎后秸秆抛撒幅宽、均匀度的可调节。田间试验表明,在拖拉机前进速度为1.8 m/s,秸秆平均含水率为78.4%,拖拉机动力输出轴转速为540 r/min的未收获玉米地里,秸秆粉碎长度合格率达90.01%,平均抛撒幅宽达2 223.3 mm,平均留茬高度为62.0 mm,抛撒不均匀度为22.95%,各项性能指标均满足要求。
[Abstract]:A kind of adjustable straw pulverizing and returning machine was designed to solve the problems of poor uniformity and unadjustable width of the straw after crushing and returning to the field. The machine is mainly composed of curved shell, crushing device, throwing device and transmission device, which can realize the crushing of corn and wheat straw and the throwing of straw back to the field after comminution. The curved shell includes the logarithmic helical front shell, the left plate, the right side plate and the rear baffle. The Fluent simulation results show that the curved shell can improve the fluidity of straw in the shell compared with the traditional broken line shell. The comminution device consists of a comminution tool shaft, a combined throwing knife, a fixed knife, and a fan blade is arranged at both ends of the comminuting tool shaft, which improves the fluid flow velocity in the curved shell and the feeding performance of straw at the entrance of the curved shell. The flow guide plate with guide blade is added at the outlet of curved shell, and a synchronous adjusting device of guide blade is designed, which can adjust the width and evenness of straw throwing after comminution. The field test shows that in the unharvested corn field, where the speed of the tractor is 1.8 m / s, the average moisture content of straw is 78.4, and the rotational speed of the power output shaft of the tractor is 540 r/min, the qualified rate of straw crushing length is 90.01. The average throwing width is 2 223.3 mm, the average stubble height is 62. 0 mm, the uniformity is 22. 95, and all the performance indexes meet the requirements.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学工学院;
【基金】：农业部公益性行业科研专项(201503136) 教育部创新团队发展计划项目(IRT13039)
【分类号】：S224.29

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