稻田气力式变量施肥机关键部件的设计与试验

发布时间：2018-11-24 15:19

【摘要】：目前在水稻的机械追肥作业中以离心圆盘式撒肥机为主,该方式在作业幅宽方向上的撒施均匀性不稳定,且难以实现作业幅宽方向上的变量施肥。为了满足水稻变量追肥作业的需要,达到化肥减施增收的目的,设计了一种外槽轮式排肥、以空气流为肥料输送和撒播动力的稻田气力式变量施肥机。文章对该机器的关键部件进行了仿真和测试试验,研究了排肥轮转速与排肥量之间的相关关系,并对排肥管道长度对排肥出口风速与排肥滞后时间的影响、排肥管出口相对高差对排肥滞后时间的影响进行了试验。试验结果表明:排肥轮转速与排肥量之间存在极显著的线性相关关系,相关系数R2=0.998,调节排肥轮转速可以较精确的调节施肥量的大小,在变量作业时,结合施肥量的需求及施肥机具的前进速度,对排肥轮的转速进行实时调节,从而达到变量施肥的目的。当机具前进速度为1 m/s,排肥轮转速在10~40 r/min之间变化时,单凭转速调节可实现每公顷施肥量在40~200 kg范围内的变量调节,此外,各排肥口的排肥量误差小于±5%,基本上达到了施肥均匀性的要求。文章还研究了排肥管道长度及安装高差对排肥滞后时间的影响,结果表明:排肥管道长度对排肥出口风速有显著影响,排肥管长度和出口安装的高差对排肥滞后性亦有显著的影响,因此,为了尽可能减小因排肥滞后对排肥均匀性的影响,应避免排肥管过长,并尽量使排肥管出口不高于入口。该研究为进一步的样机制造和优化提供了依据。
[Abstract]:At present, the centrifugal disc fertilizer spreader is the main method in the mechanical topdressing of rice, which is unstable in the width direction of the operation, and it is difficult to realize variable rate fertilization in the width direction of the operation. In order to meet the requirement of variable rate fertilizer application and increase the income of rice, a pneumatic variable rate fertilization machine with air flow as fertilizer transport and seeding power was designed. In this paper, the key components of the machine are simulated and tested, and the correlation between the rotation speed of the discharge wheel and the discharge amount is studied, and the influence of the length of the discharge pipe on the wind speed and the lag time of the discharge is also studied. The effect of the relative height difference on the lag time of fertiliser discharge was tested. The results show that there is a very significant linear correlation between the rotation speed of the discharge wheel and the amount of fertilizer discharge. The correlation coefficient is R20.998. adjusting the rotational speed of the discharge wheel can adjust the amount of fertilizer more accurately. According to the demand of fertilizer quantity and the advance speed of fertilizer machine, the rotation speed of fertilizer discharge wheel is adjusted in real time, so as to achieve the purpose of variable rate fertilization. When the moving speed of the machine is 1 m / s and the rotation speed of the fertiliser wheel varies from 10 to 40 r/min, the rate of fertilizer application per hectare can be adjusted within the range of 40 ~ 200 kg by adjusting the rotational speed alone. In addition, the error of fertilizer discharge at each outlet is less than 卤5. Basically reached the requirement of fertilization uniformity. The influence of the length of the discharge pipe and the height difference of the installation on the lag time of the discharge is also studied. The results show that the length of the pipe has a significant effect on the wind speed of the outlet. The length of the tube and the height difference at the outlet also had a significant effect on the hysteresis. Therefore, in order to minimize the effect of the lag on the homogeneity of the discharge, the excessive length of the tube should be avoided and the outlet of the pipe should not be higher than the inlet. The research provides a basis for further prototype manufacturing and optimization.
【作者单位】：华南农业大学工程学院/广东省农业航空应用工程技术研究中心;南方粮油作物协同创新中心;
【基金】：“十二五”国家“863”计划项目(2012AA101901-3)
【分类号】：S224.2

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