基于RUSLE模型沂河流域土壤侵蚀研究

发布时间：2018-11-27 17:07

【摘要】：本文以位于山东省鲁中山地丘陵区的沂河流域为研究对象,以遥感影像,气象数据,土壤数据,DEM等数据为基础,以目视解译、插值、植被覆盖度指数提取等方法,运用RUSLE模型分析了自1975年以来沂河流域的土壤侵蚀强度的时空格局变化,流域的土壤侵蚀状况与流域内土地利用/覆被变化耦合关系,对沂河流域土壤侵蚀敏感性进行了评估,探讨了敏感性与流域土壤侵蚀量之间的关系,最后运用MARKOV模型对流域2025年的土壤侵蚀状况进行了预测,并对预测结果进行了精度检验。研究得到的主要结论为:(1)自1975年以来沂河流域土壤侵蚀模数经历了先增加后降低的变化趋势,其中土壤侵蚀模数最大值出现在1995年,最小值出现在2015年。流域土壤侵蚀强度空间分布特征格局明显,极强烈和剧烈侵蚀多集中在流域的北部和西南部山区位置,而东南方向地势平缓的地段以及河流两岸缓坡耕地以轻微度侵蚀为主。(2)流域多年平均土壤侵蚀强度指数变化规律为未利用地草地耕地林地,未利用地、林地、草地最容易发生侵蚀的地方是海拔200-400m处,耕地最容易发生侵蚀的海拔在400-800m处。(3)耕地与未利用地土壤侵蚀模数随着坡度的增加而增加;草地的最大土壤侵蚀模数多出现在15-25°坡度;林地的最大侵蚀模数多出现在小于15°的区域。不论是从土壤侵蚀面积还是土壤侵蚀模数来看均应重点加强沂河流域8-25°区域的水土保持工作。(4)流域土壤侵蚀模数随着土壤侵蚀敏感性的增加而增大。高度敏感侵蚀区域侵蚀量最多,中度敏感性区域的侵蚀面积最大,不敏感区域的侵蚀面积虽然仅次于中度敏感性区域,但其侵蚀量最小。(5)对2025年沂河流域土壤侵蚀状况预测可知,2025年流域主要以微度侵蚀为主,其次是轻度和中度侵蚀。流域中度以上土壤侵蚀,均有所降低,而微度侵蚀和轻度侵蚀有所上升。
[Abstract]:Based on remote sensing images, meteorological data, soil data, DEM and other data, this paper takes the Yihe River Basin in the hilly region of Shandong Province as the research object, and uses the methods of visual interpretation, interpolation, extraction of vegetation coverage index, etc. RUSLE model was used to analyze the temporal and spatial pattern changes of soil erosion intensity in Yihe River Basin since 1975, and the coupling relationship between soil erosion status and land use / cover change in the basin was analyzed. The sensitivity of soil erosion in Yihe River Basin was evaluated. The relationship between sensitivity and soil erosion was discussed. Finally, MARKOV model was used to predict the soil erosion in 2025, and the accuracy of the prediction results was tested. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) since 1975, the soil erosion modulus in the Yihe River basin has experienced a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, in which the maximum value of soil erosion modulus appeared in 1995 and the minimum in 2015. The spatial distribution pattern of soil erosion intensity in the watershed is obvious, and the intensity and intensity of soil erosion are mostly concentrated in the mountainous areas of the north and southwest of the basin. In the southeasterly direction, the gentle slope cultivated land and the gentle slope on both sides of the river are mainly slightly eroded. (2) the variation law of the average soil erosion intensity index for many years in the basin is the unused grassland, the unused land, the forestland, the unused land, and the forestland. The most vulnerable area of grassland erosion is at 200-400m above sea level, and the most susceptible to erosion of cultivated land is between 400-800m. (3) the modulus of soil erosion between cultivated land and unused land increases with the increase of slope. The maximum soil erosion modulus of grassland was found in the slope of 15-25 掳, and that of forest land was less than 15 掳. In terms of soil erosion area and soil erosion modulus, emphasis should be placed on strengthening the soil and water conservation in the Yihe River Basin from 8 to 25 掳. (4) the soil erosion modulus increases with the increase of soil erosion sensitivity. The amount of erosion in the highly sensitive erosion area is the highest, and the erosion area in the moderately sensitive area is the largest, although the erosion area in the insensitive area is second only to that in the moderately sensitive area. But the erosion amount is the smallest. (5) according to the forecast of soil erosion in the Yihe River basin in 2025, the main erosion in 2025 is micro-erosion, followed by mild and moderate erosion. The soil erosion above moderate level decreased, while the slight erosion and slight erosion increased.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S157

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