细沟侵蚀过程与径流速度的响应

发布时间：2018-11-29 11:16

【摘要】：利用室内模拟降雨试验,研究了不同坡度条件下细沟发育阶段水沙特征及其与径流速度的响应。研究结果表明,对于杨凌X土,细沟侵蚀过程大致分为3个阶段,即面状侵蚀期(A阶段)、细沟网络发育期(B阶段)和细沟网络稳定期(C阶段)。侵蚀阶段对径流率的影响不显著,对含沙量影响显著,在A阶段和B阶段含沙量随时间呈增加趋势,在C阶段含沙量逐渐趋于动态平衡状态,该表现形式在大坡度下尤为明显。在不同侵蚀阶段,坡度影响程度不同,在C阶段坡度对细沟侵蚀的影响最为显著。细沟侵蚀过程中,径流速度变化比较复杂,不同坡度不同侵蚀阶段没有明显的规律性。坡度较小时,高流速低频率相对分散的情况集中在A阶段和B阶段;坡度较大时,集中在B阶段和C阶段,说明B阶段是细沟侵蚀的活跃期,在该阶段径流速度的波动性大,大径流速度出现的概率明显增加。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the characteristics of water and sediment and its response to runoff velocity in the development stage of the rill under different slope conditions were studied by indoor simulated rainfall test. The results show that for Yang Ling X soil, the rill erosion process can be divided into three stages, I. e., plane erosion stage (A stage), rill network development stage (B stage) and rill network steady stage (C stage). The effect of erosion stage on runoff rate is not significant, but on sediment content is significant. In stage A and B, sediment content increases with time, and in stage C, sediment content tends to dynamic equilibrium state, especially in large slope. In different erosion stages, the influence degree of slope is different, and the effect of slope on rill erosion is the most significant in C stage. In the process of rill erosion, the variation of runoff velocity is complex, and there is no obvious regularity in different slope and different erosion stages. When the slope is small, the relative dispersion of high velocity and low frequency is concentrated in stage A and stage B. When the slope is high, it is concentrated in stage B and stage C, which indicates that stage B is the active stage of rill erosion, and the fluctuation of runoff velocity is large in this stage, and the probability of occurrence of large runoff velocity increases obviously.
【作者单位】：首都师范大学地球空间信息科学与技术国际化示范学院城市环境过程和数字模拟国家重点实验室培育基地北京资源环境与GIS重点实验室;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环与地表过程重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41401302,41471229,41271304);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41130744)
【分类号】：S157.1

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