氮肥施用对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米氮素积累及氮效率的影响

发布时间：2018-12-07 14:14

【摘要】：针对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米高产栽培中氮肥用量偏多的问题,研究氮肥施用对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米氮素积累及氮效率的影响。2012~2013年两个玉米生长季,以"金山10"为试验材料,设5个施肥处理:不施氮肥(CK);低氮180 kg/hm2(L);推荐施氮量260 kg/hm2(R);氮肥配施有机肥,总施氮量260 kg/hm2(C);农民传统施氮270 kg/hm2(F)。结果表明:在5个施肥处理中,以氮肥配施有机肥处理玉米产量最高,该处理生物产量和经济产量分别比其它施肥处理增加了3.52%~62.77%和6.29%~56.02%。氮肥利用效率表现为CK处理最高,氮肥施用量高时氮肥利用效率低。氮肥配施有机肥处理氮肥回收效率、生理效率和农学效率高于其它施肥处理,该处理这3项指标和其它施肥处理间差异达到极显著水平(P0.01),该处理氮肥回收效率、生理效率和农学效率分别比低氮处理高10.70%~16.22%、2.81%~6.21%和5.16%~6.90%,比推荐施氮处理高3.44%~7.36%、1.62%~4.49%和3.42%~3.50%,比农民传统施氮处理高4.89%~8.60%、1.11%~5.70%和3.79%~4.49%。增施氮肥和氮肥配施有机肥提高了粮饲兼用玉米氮素积累量,后者氮素积累总量比其它施肥处理分别高1.88~11.42g/m2(2012年)和0.86~11.88 g/m2(2013年),比推荐施氮和农民传统施氮处理分别高0.89~1.71 g/m2和0.86~1.93 g/m2。科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米高产栽培中,氮肥配施有机肥有利于提高粮饲兼用玉米的产量,增加氮素积累量,是该地区比较合理的施肥方式,上述研究以期为科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米的合理施肥提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:The effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen efficiency of grain and forage maize in Horqin region were studied. Two maize growing seasons from 2012 to 2013 were used to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on the nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen efficiency. Using "Jinshan 10" as experimental material, five fertilization treatments were set up: no nitrogen fertilizer (CK); Low nitrogen 180 kg/hm2 (L); recommended N application amount 260 kg/hm2 (R); combined with organic fertilizer, total N amount 260 kg/hm2 (C); farmers traditional N 270 kg/hm2 (F). The results showed that the yield of corn treated with organic fertilizer with nitrogen fertilizer was the highest, and the biological yield and economic yield of this treatment were increased by 3.52% and 6.29%, respectively, compared with other fertilization treatments. Nitrogen use efficiency was the highest in CK treatment, and low in high nitrogen application rate. The nitrogen recovery efficiency, physiological efficiency and agronomic efficiency of organic fertilizer treatment were higher than those of other fertilization treatments. The difference between these three indexes and other fertilization treatments reached a significant level (P0.01), and the nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency of this treatment was significantly higher than that of other fertilization treatments (P0.01). Physiological efficiency and agronomic efficiency were 10.70% and 5.16% higher than those of low nitrogen treatment, respectively, and 6.21% and 5.16%, respectively, and 3.44% and 7.36% higher than that of recommended nitrogen treatment. 1.62 4.49% and 3.42% and 3.50%, 4.89% higher than the traditional nitrogenous treatment of farmers, 8.60% and 1.11% 5.70% and 3.79% and 4.49% higher. Adding nitrogen fertilizer and applying organic fertilizer in combination with nitrogen fertilizer increased the nitrogen accumulation of corn, the total nitrogen accumulation of the latter was higher than that of other fertilization treatments (1.88~11.42g/m2 (2012) and 0.861.88 g/m2 (2013), respectively). It was 0.891.71 g/m2 and 0.86 ~ 1.93 g / m ~ (2) higher than that of recommended nitrogen application and farmers' traditional nitrogen application, respectively. In the high-yield cultivation of corn with both grain and feed, the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer is beneficial to increase the yield and increase the amount of nitrogen accumulation, which is a more reasonable fertilization method in this area. These studies are expected to provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization of grain and forage maize in Horqin area.
【作者单位】：内蒙古民族大学农学院;
【基金】：第41批教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金内蒙古自然科学基金[2016MS0335和2017MS(LH)0308]
【分类号】：S143.1;S513

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