化肥减量配施不同有机肥对设施菊花土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-12-09 15:22

【摘要】：【目的】研究化肥减量20%配施精制有机肥(ROF)、化肥减量20%配施生物有机肥(BOF)和常规施肥(CF,100%化肥)处理对设施菊花土壤微生物区系、代谢活性及设施菊花产量和品质的影响。【方法】基于田间小区试验,以切花菊主栽品种‘优香’为材料,采用BIOLOG ECO微平板法和稀释平板计数方法。【结果】与CF处理相比,BOF处理的土壤细菌、放线菌和微生物总量分别显著提高了53.7%、85.6%和70.1%,土壤真菌数量显著降低了63.9%;Shannon(H)和Mc Intash(U)指数分别显著提高了4.8%和27.0%,同时提高了土壤微生物的代谢活性和对各类碳源的利用能力,并显著提高了设施菊花观赏性状。ROF处理的土壤真菌数量显著降低了48.4%,Mc Intash(U)指数显著提高了18.2%,糖类碳源的利用显著提高了11.5%。与ROF处理相比,BOF处理的土壤细菌、放线菌和微生物总量分别显著提高了34.1%、51.3%和35.0%;聚合物类、酚类和胺类的利用率分别显著提高了13.7%、84.9%和22.5%。PCA主成分分析表明:不同施肥处理显著改变了土壤微生物群落结构,起分异作用的碳源主要为糖类、聚合物类和羧酸类。【结论】在全生育期化肥减量20%条件下,配施不同有机肥处理能够保证设施菊花产量,且配施生物有机肥改善了土壤微生物区系并提高了土壤微生物代谢活性。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the microflora of chrysanthemum morifolium soil treated with 20% chemical fertilizer reduction and 20% (ROF), fertilizer reduction combined with biological organic fertilizer (BOF) and conventional fertilization (CF,100%). [methods] based on field experiment, the main cultivar of cut chrysanthemum 'Youxiang' was used as material, BIOLOG ECO microplate method and dilution plate counting method were used. [results] compared with CF treatment, the metabolic activity and the yield and quality of chrysanthemum were studied. The total amount of soil bacteria, actinomycetes and microbes treated with BOF increased significantly by 53.7% and 70.1%, respectively, and the number of soil fungi decreased significantly by 63.9%. The indexes of Shannon (H) and Mc Intash (U) increased significantly by 4.8% and 27.0%, respectively, and the metabolic activity of soil microbes and the ability of utilization of various carbon sources were also increased. The number of fungi in soil treated with ROF decreased significantly by 48.4%, and the index of MC Intash (U) increased by 18.22.The utilization of carbohydrate and carbon sources increased significantly by 11.5%. Compared with ROF treatment, the total amount of soil bacteria, actinomycetes and microbes treated with BOF increased by 34.1% and 35.0% respectively. The utilization rates of polymers, phenols and amines were significantly increased by 84.9% and 84.9%, respectively, and 22.5%.PCA principal component analysis showed that different fertilization treatments significantly changed the soil microbial community structure. The main carbon sources for differentiation were carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid. [conclusion] under the condition of fertilizer reduction of 20% during the whole growth period, the yield of chrysanthemum can be guaranteed by different organic fertilizer treatments. The microbial flora of soil was improved and the metabolic activity of soil microorganism was improved by applying biological organic fertilizer.
【作者单位】：云南农业大学资源与环境学院;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项基金(201103004,201103003) 云南省高校科技创新团队支持计划云南农业大学研究生科技创新项目(2015ykc34)
【分类号】：S154.3;S629;S682.11

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