秸秆生物炭对黑土区坡耕地生产能力影响分析与评价

发布时间：2018-12-10 20:18

【摘要】：采用径流小区试验,选取不施用生物炭(CK)、生物炭施用量25 t/hm~2(T1)、50 t/hm~2(T2)、75 t/hm~2(T3)和100 t/hm~2(T4)5个处理,分析生物炭施用量对土壤理化性质、持水能力、水土保持效应、节水增产效应等能够反映土地生产能力的指标的影响,建立基于Gumbel Copula函数的不同生物炭施用量下黑土区坡耕地生产能力评价模型,结果表明:随着生物炭施用量的增加,土壤容重降低,孔隙度增大,养分分布更为均匀,土壤有效P、速效K、pH值和有机质含量呈线性递增趋势,土壤铵态N含量呈指数增长;土壤饱和含水率、田间持水量、凋萎系数和有效水最大含量均与生物炭施用量正相关,且高施炭量处理对于土壤水分的影响程度明显高于低施炭量处理;随着生物炭施用量的增加,年径流深和土壤侵蚀量均呈线性递减,减流率和减沙率均呈对数函数递增,而大豆产量和水分利用效率则先增后减,呈抛物线型变化。基于Gumbel Copula函数计算的土地生产能力评价结果较为理想,计算的土地生产能力指数随生物炭施用量的增加呈"S型"曲线递增,土壤理化性质、持水能力和水土保持效应指数均呈线性递增,而节水增产效应指数则呈抛物线型先增后减。
[Abstract]:Using runoff plot experiment, 5 treatments were selected, including 25 t/hm~2 (T1), 50 t/hm~2 (T2), 75 t/hm~2 (T3) and 100 t/hm~2 (T4), without the application of biochar (CK),. The effects of biochar application amount on soil physical and chemical properties, water holding capacity, soil and water conservation effect, water saving and increasing yield effect were analyzed. Based on the Gumbel Copula function, a model for evaluating the productivity of sloping farmland in black soil under different biochar application rates was established. The results showed that with the increase of biochar application, soil bulk density decreased, porosity increased, and nutrient distribution became more uniform. Soil available P, available K ~ (2 +) pH value and organic matter content increased linearly, while soil ammonium N content increased exponentially. Soil saturated water content, field water holding capacity, wilting coefficient and maximum content of available water were positively correlated with the application of biochar, and the effect of high carbon application on soil moisture was significantly higher than that of low carbon application. With the increase of biochar application rate, the annual runoff depth and soil erosion rate decreased linearly, and the flow reduction rate and sediment reduction rate increased with logarithmic function, while soybean yield and water use efficiency increased first and then decreased, and showed parabola type change. The evaluation results of land production capacity calculated based on Gumbel Copula function were ideal. The calculated land productivity index increased with the increase of biochar application amount, and the soil physical and chemical properties were increased with the increase of biochar application rate. The water holding capacity and soil and water conservation effect index increased linearly, while the water saving and increasing yield effect index increased first and then decreased.
【作者单位】：东北林业大学林学院;黑龙江农垦勘测设计研究院;东北农业大学理学院;东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51479033)
【分类号】：S156.2

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