农户满意度对参与式小流域治理的影响评估

发布时间：2018-12-12 01:42

【摘要】：青海省西宁市是黄土高原与青藏高原过渡区,同时有黄土高原和青藏高原的许多共同自然条件特征,气候高寒干旱,地形复杂,生态环境脆弱,经济发展落后,其水土流失较为严重,属于黄土高原丘陵沟壑区第四幅区。本文总结了参与式小流域治理的经验教训,为以后参与式小流域治理提供参考。通过调查农户与社区参与水土保持项目的成果、满意度,对具体指标的两两比较,采用单因素方差分析的方法,得出农户和社区对项目实施的满意度相对较高,生计类项目的满意度对总体满意度影响较高。参与式小流域治理对县级行政区的影响较为明显。胡基沟和波航沟的农户对生计类项目的渴求比较明显,对水土保持措施有了一定认识,但相对较弱,火烧沟的总体经济水平更高,但对参与式小流域治理各项措施的满意度并不高,也在一定程度上说明农户对参与式小流域项目更加关注。以县级行政区内的参与式小流域治理项目区作为评价单元,选取了反映项目区三个县社会经济和农户意愿的18个指标,运用主成分分析法,对治理前后的效益状况进行综合评价得出以下结论：农户对水保措施的满意度评价对总体效益的提高有很重要的作用,居民对参与式小流域治理的满意度也对整体效益有较大影响。治理前后总体评价的排名没有变化,但是差距却被拉大了,这跟具体治理措施的不同、治理措施实施范围的大小、实施的力度以及强度有很重要的关系。通过对整体效益的评价,结合各项指标措施满意度,我们得出以下结论：农户对参与式小流域治理满意度与经济效益有一定关系,参与式小流域治理中的生计类措施与经济发展息息相关,参与式小流域治理体系仍有待完善。应当为进行参与式小流域治理而成立规划的小组应配备更多更专业的技术型人才；上下级有关部门要勤沟通,以确保各项工作顺利有序的进行；政府还应加大对参与式小流域的宣传力度,加大在治理措施方面的投入；项目的资金管理应更加的完善；应该多给农民进行一些农业方面的培训,或者知识技能的培训,让农户提升赚钱的能力,而不是单纯的依靠政府提供的补助；政府还应该继续更多的引进有思想、又责任、有技术的人才,帮助贫困地区走上致富之路；政府还需要把从最初的调查、规划,到后期的治理、验收甚至管理,形成体系。
[Abstract]:Xining City, Qinghai Province, is a transitional region between the Loess Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It also has many common natural conditions of the Loess Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The climate is alpine and arid, the topography is complex, the ecological environment is fragile, and the economic development is backward. The soil erosion is serious and belongs to the fourth region in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau. This paper summarizes the experiences and lessons of participatory small watershed management and provides reference for future participatory small watershed management. By investigating the results and satisfaction of farmers and communities participating in soil and water conservation projects, comparing the two specific indicators and adopting the method of single factor ANOVA, it is concluded that the satisfaction of farmers and communities to the implementation of the project is relatively high. The degree of satisfaction of livelihood projects has a higher impact on overall satisfaction. The influence of participatory small watershed management on county-level administrative region is obvious. The farmers in Huji ditch and Bohang ditch have obvious thirst for livelihood projects and have a certain understanding of soil and water conservation measures, but they are relatively weak, and the overall economic level of fire gutter is higher. However, the satisfaction degree of participatory small watershed management measures is not high, which also indicates that farmers pay more attention to participatory small watershed projects to a certain extent. Taking the participatory small watershed management project area in the county administrative region as the evaluation unit, 18 indexes reflecting the social economy and the farmers' will of the three counties in the project area were selected, and the principal component analysis method was used. The comprehensive evaluation of benefits before and after governance has drawn the following conclusions: the evaluation of farmers' satisfaction with soil and water conservation measures plays an important role in the improvement of overall benefits. Residents' satisfaction with participatory watershed management also has a greater impact on overall benefits. The rank of overall evaluation before and after governance has not changed, but the gap has been widened, which is different from the specific measures of governance, the size of the scope of implementation of governance measures, the strength and intensity of implementation has a very important relationship. Through the evaluation of the overall benefit, combined with the satisfaction degree of various index measures, we draw the following conclusions: farmers' satisfaction with participatory small watershed management has a certain relationship with economic benefits. The livelihood measures in participatory small watershed management are closely related to economic development, and the participatory small watershed governance system still needs to be improved. The team that should be set up for participatory small watershed management should be equipped with more and more professional technical personnel, and the departments concerned should communicate frequently to ensure the smooth and orderly progress of the work. The government should also increase the propaganda of participatory small watershed, increase the input in the management measures, and improve the fund management of the project. Farmers should be given more training in agriculture, or knowledge and skills training, so that farmers improve their earning ability, rather than relying solely on subsidies provided by the government; The government should also continue to introduce more talented people with ideas, responsibilities and skills to help poor areas get rich; the government also needs to set up a system of management, acceptance and even management from the initial investigation, planning, and later stage.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157

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