黑土区小流域土壤营养元素空间分异规律研究
发布时间：2018-12-12 10:57
【摘要】：随着经济快速发展和人类社会的进步,生态环境受到越来越多的重视,全国土壤污染防治行动计划逐步开展,土壤质量水平是人们关注的焦点。黑土区海沟河小流域位于黑龙江西南地区,研究区内土地开发利用较早,土地利用类型多样,流域内水系分布明确,主要交通线路将研究区分为东西两部分,农村居民点均匀分布在研究区内。因此,以黑土区海沟河小流域作为研究区,针对土壤营养元素空间分异规律研究,具有典型性。土壤是受自然演化规律和人为因素共同影响的复杂综合体,进行土壤营养元素空间变异规律的研究,对科学管理土地、合理规划农用地、实现精准农业、提高土壤环境质量等方面具有显著意义。以经典统计学和地统计学为基础,借助地理信息技术,采用半方差函数模型、莫兰指数、空间插值、相关性分析、灰关联分析、回归分析等模型方法,对黑土区海沟河小流域土壤营养元素的空间变异规律及影响因素进行研究,并通过相关再显著规则、极大熵模型、分区统计等方法确定研究区土壤营养元素综合差异性分布情况。主要得到以下结论:(1)通过多角度的空间特征分析,可以综合全面的了解指标空间分布特征,且部分指标空间分布具有一定规律。土壤pH变异系数小,数值离散程度较小;空间分布极有规律,西高东低;空间分布呈现显著自相关。土壤含水量数据呈现中等变异水平,空间分布与土地利用呈高度相关,空间分布呈现显著自相关,与pH分布特征相近,二者相互影响相互作用。全磷和速效磷各向半方差函数相似度很高,全氮和速效氮各项半方差函数差异显著,速效磷和钙磷空间分布中高值区与低值区呈相反趋势。(2)不同土地利用方式下,各指标分布情况不同,水田利用条件下多项土壤营养元素的含量要高于其他土地利用类型,说明水田内土壤质量水平相对较高。不同坡位土壤有机质在坡顶、平地和坡中均值相近,坡底含量较低,坡顶和坡底变异系数相近且小于坡中和平地。研究区地形和位置因素对土壤营养元素空间分布影响显著,地形因素中高程是影响土壤营养元素空间分布的重要因素,位置因素中采样点与村庄的距离、与交通的距离、与水系的距离都影响着土壤营养元素指标的空间分布。研究地形因素对指标分布影响程度发现,高程、村庄距离、交通距离对各项指标影响显著,钙磷的空间分布特征与水系分布关系密切,可影响钙磷分部的主要地形因素是村庄距离,仅通过元素分布特征图不能全面真实的了解指标。(3)研究区内土壤营养元素综合差异性分布,受坡度影响较小,土地利用类型和高程共同影响整土壤营养元素的综合分布。水田土壤营养元素综合水平要高于旱田,林地处于中等水平;耕地中,随着海拔高度的增加土壤营养元素综合水平降低。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the progress of human society, more and more attention has been paid to the ecological environment. Haigou River small watershed in black soil area is located in the southwest of Heilongjiang province. The study area is developed earlier, the land use type is diverse, the river system distribution in the basin is clear, and the main traffic lines divide the study into two parts: East and west. Rural settlements are evenly distributed in the study area. Therefore, the study on spatial differentiation of soil nutrient elements in Haigou River watershed in black soil area is typical. Soil is a complex influenced by natural evolution law and human factors. The spatial variation of soil nutrient elements is studied. The scientific management of land, the rational planning of agricultural land, and the realization of precision agriculture are carried out. It is significant to improve soil environmental quality. Based on classical statistics and geostatistics, with the help of geographic information technology, semi-variance function model, Moran index, spatial interpolation, correlation analysis, grey correlation analysis, regression analysis and other model methods are used. The spatial variation of soil nutrient elements and its influencing factors in Haigou River watershed in black soil region were studied, and the maximum entropy model was established by using correlation and significant rules. The comprehensive difference distribution of soil nutrient elements in the study area was determined by means of partition statistics and other methods. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) through the multi-angle spatial feature analysis, we can comprehensively understand the spatial distribution characteristics of the index, and some of the index spatial distribution has a certain law. Soil pH variation coefficient is small, numerical dispersion degree is small, spatial distribution is very regular, west high and east low, spatial distribution shows significant autocorrelation. Soil water content data showed moderate variation level, spatial distribution was highly correlated with land use, spatial distribution showed significant autocorrelation, similar to pH distribution characteristics, the interaction between them. The similarity of total phosphorus and available phosphorus is very high, the difference of total nitrogen and available nitrogen semi-variance function is significant, the spatial distribution of available phosphorus and calcium phosphorus in high value area and low value area is opposite trend. (2) under different land use patterns, The distribution of each index was different, and the content of soil nutrient elements in paddy field was higher than that in other land use types, which indicated that the soil quality level was relatively high in paddy field. The average value of soil organic matter in different slope positions was similar in top, flat land and slope, the content of soil organic matter in slope bottom was lower, and the coefficient of variation between top and bottom of slope was similar and smaller than that in middle level land of slope. Topographic and location factors have a significant effect on the spatial distribution of soil nutrient elements. Elevation is an important factor affecting the spatial distribution of soil nutrient elements, and the distance between sampling points and villages and traffic in the location factors. The distance from the water system affects the spatial distribution of soil nutrient elements. It is found that elevation, village distance and traffic distance have significant effects on the index distribution, and the spatial distribution characteristics of calcium and phosphorus are closely related to the distribution of water system. The main topographic factor that can affect the distribution of calcium and phosphorus is the distance of the village, which can not be fully and truly understood by the characteristic map of element distribution. (3) the comprehensive difference distribution of soil nutrient elements in the study area is less affected by the slope. The comprehensive distribution of nutrient elements in the whole soil was influenced by land use type and elevation. The comprehensive level of soil nutrient elements in paddy field is higher than that in dry field, and the comprehensive level of soil nutrient element in cultivated land decreases with the increase of altitude.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S158
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the progress of human society, more and more attention has been paid to the ecological environment. Haigou River small watershed in black soil area is located in the southwest of Heilongjiang province. The study area is developed earlier, the land use type is diverse, the river system distribution in the basin is clear, and the main traffic lines divide the study into two parts: East and west. Rural settlements are evenly distributed in the study area. Therefore, the study on spatial differentiation of soil nutrient elements in Haigou River watershed in black soil area is typical. Soil is a complex influenced by natural evolution law and human factors. The spatial variation of soil nutrient elements is studied. The scientific management of land, the rational planning of agricultural land, and the realization of precision agriculture are carried out. It is significant to improve soil environmental quality. Based on classical statistics and geostatistics, with the help of geographic information technology, semi-variance function model, Moran index, spatial interpolation, correlation analysis, grey correlation analysis, regression analysis and other model methods are used. The spatial variation of soil nutrient elements and its influencing factors in Haigou River watershed in black soil region were studied, and the maximum entropy model was established by using correlation and significant rules. The comprehensive difference distribution of soil nutrient elements in the study area was determined by means of partition statistics and other methods. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) through the multi-angle spatial feature analysis, we can comprehensively understand the spatial distribution characteristics of the index, and some of the index spatial distribution has a certain law. Soil pH variation coefficient is small, numerical dispersion degree is small, spatial distribution is very regular, west high and east low, spatial distribution shows significant autocorrelation. Soil water content data showed moderate variation level, spatial distribution was highly correlated with land use, spatial distribution showed significant autocorrelation, similar to pH distribution characteristics, the interaction between them. The similarity of total phosphorus and available phosphorus is very high, the difference of total nitrogen and available nitrogen semi-variance function is significant, the spatial distribution of available phosphorus and calcium phosphorus in high value area and low value area is opposite trend. (2) under different land use patterns, The distribution of each index was different, and the content of soil nutrient elements in paddy field was higher than that in other land use types, which indicated that the soil quality level was relatively high in paddy field. The average value of soil organic matter in different slope positions was similar in top, flat land and slope, the content of soil organic matter in slope bottom was lower, and the coefficient of variation between top and bottom of slope was similar and smaller than that in middle level land of slope. Topographic and location factors have a significant effect on the spatial distribution of soil nutrient elements. Elevation is an important factor affecting the spatial distribution of soil nutrient elements, and the distance between sampling points and villages and traffic in the location factors. The distance from the water system affects the spatial distribution of soil nutrient elements. It is found that elevation, village distance and traffic distance have significant effects on the index distribution, and the spatial distribution characteristics of calcium and phosphorus are closely related to the distribution of water system. The main topographic factor that can affect the distribution of calcium and phosphorus is the distance of the village, which can not be fully and truly understood by the characteristic map of element distribution. (3) the comprehensive difference distribution of soil nutrient elements in the study area is less affected by the slope. The comprehensive distribution of nutrient elements in the whole soil was influenced by land use type and elevation. The comprehensive level of soil nutrient elements in paddy field is higher than that in dry field, and the comprehensive level of soil nutrient element in cultivated land decreases with the increase of altitude.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S158
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相关期刊论文 前10条
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