作物根系结构对干旱胁迫的适应性研究进展

发布时间：2018-12-12 12:27

【摘要】：干旱是影响植物生长和作物产量的重要环境因素,全球性的气候变化更加剧了干旱胁迫对作物生产和粮食产量的影响。根系是植株吸收水分的主要器官,它能够调节自身生长发育和对水分的吸收和运输从而对干旱胁迫产生适应性,因而根系在作物适应干旱缺水环境中发挥重要作用。从根系构型和根的解剖结构两方面总结了作物根系形态结构对干旱胁迫的适应性研究进展,并分析了目前根系结构研究方法的现状,指出通过研究方法和技术手段的进步和创新,实现根系表型特征全面、快速和精准鉴定将是未来的发展趋势,这将为抗旱节水作物品种的筛选和评价提供理论指导。
[Abstract]:Drought is an important environmental factor affecting plant growth and crop yield. Global climate change has aggravated the effects of drought stress on crop production and grain yield. Root system is the main organ for plants to absorb water. It can regulate the growth and development of the plant and the absorption and transportation of water, thus it can adapt to drought stress, so the root system plays an important role in the adaptation of crops to drought and water shortage. The research progress on the adaptability of crop root morphological structure to drought stress was summarized from the aspects of root configuration and root anatomical structure, and the present situation of research methods of root system structure was analyzed. It is pointed out that through the progress and innovation of research methods and technical means, it will be the future development trend to achieve comprehensive, rapid and accurate identification of root phenotypic characteristics, which will provide theoretical guidance for the selection and evaluation of drought-resistant and water-saving crop varieties.
【作者单位】：北京农业信息技术研究中心数字植物北京市重点实验室;国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心;
【基金】：北京市博士后工作经费项目(2016 ZZ-66) 北京市农林科学院创新团队项目(JNKYT201604);北京市农林科学院国际合作项目(GJHZ2016)资助
【分类号】：S423;S311

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