汾河临汾段土壤侵蚀控制与洪水调控服务供给和需求研究
发布时间：2018-12-16 22:45
【摘要】：生态系统服务是人类从生态系统中获得的利益。据联合国千年生态系统评估(Millennium ecosystem assessment,MA)报告,全球生态系统服务评估的24项生态系统服务中,有15项正在退化,严重威胁人类自身的生存和发展,而生态系统服务供给与需求的研究能很好的解决自然资源在不同利用目的之间的分配,有效的保护自然生态系统,更好的为人类造福。本研究在GIS和RS技术的支持下,以汾河临汾段作为研究对象,运用修正的通用水土流失方程(RULSE模型),收集整理研究区多年月降水量数据、土壤类型数据、DEM数据、土地利用类型数据、遥感影像数据和植被覆盖度数据,评价了2000年、2005年、2010年的土壤侵蚀量和侵蚀强度等级,分析了土壤侵蚀控制服务及洪水调控服务的供给和需求时空分布的变化特征和驱动因子,并利用叠加工具分析了供需平衡问题,指出了个别县域供需不平衡的原因。研究结果表明:(1)在土壤侵蚀强度方面,2010年,汾河临汾段最大土壤侵蚀模数为41639.1t/(km2·a),侵蚀总面积10928 km2,侵蚀强度以微度和轻度侵蚀为主。研究区年土壤侵蚀总量为229×105 t/a,年平均土壤侵蚀模数为2094.96 t/(km2·a),侵蚀量以极强烈、中度和剧烈侵蚀为主。2000年,最大土壤侵蚀模数为16221 t/(km2·a),侵蚀总量877.05×104t/a。2005年最大土壤侵蚀模数为28724.6 t/(km2·a),侵蚀总量1314.44×104 t/a。(2)2000-2010年,汾河临汾段微度侵蚀面积在逐年减小,轻度侵蚀基本保持不变,而中度、强烈、极强烈和剧烈侵蚀在逐年增加,各等级侵蚀量与侵蚀面积变化趋势相同。土壤侵蚀强度和侵蚀量由两侧山地向中部盆地递减,中部临汾盆地以微度和轻度侵蚀为主,两侧山地以高强度侵蚀为主,且西部吕梁山脉高于东部太岳山、霍山。(3)土壤侵蚀量和侵蚀模数均随着坡度的增加而增加,而后减小,25°是侵蚀量的临界坡度;同样,土壤侵蚀量和侵蚀模数也均随着高程的增加而增加,而后减小,其临界高程是1500 m;从土地利用类型看,旱地对土壤侵蚀的贡献最大,占侵蚀总量的96%以上,森林侵蚀量最小;研究区主要的土壤类型是黄绵土和褐土,二者的侵蚀量和侵蚀模数均高于其它土壤。(4)土壤侵蚀控制服务的供给区是汾河谷地两侧的森林和草地等植被覆盖度较高的山地,需求区为汾河临汾段内的农田、居民区、商业区和水库等。对供给区和需求区进行叠加,得出在尧都区、襄汾县、曲沃县和侯马市供需出现了极不平衡的现象,需求显著大于供给。因此,这些县域需要加大植树造林与现有植被的保护工作,增加供给量。(5)洪水调控服务的供给区是洪水暴发地和受洪水影响地区的森林、草地和水库,需求区是容易受到洪水灾害影响的区域,包括暴雨区及暴雨影响区域的居民区、农田和商业建筑物等。将供给区和需求区进行叠加,可知在个别县域供给和需求出现不平衡的现象,在中高等需求的曲沃县、侯马市、尧都区、洪洞县及襄汾县,供给却很小。因此,在这几个县域需要加大植树造林与现有植被的保护工作,同时注意保证河道的泄洪能力。
[Abstract]:The ecosystem service is the benefit of mankind from the ecosystem. According to the Millennium Development Assessment (MA) report of the United Nations, 15 of the 24 ecosystem services evaluated by the Global Ecosystem Services are in the process of degradation and seriously threaten the survival and development of human beings, The research of the supply and demand of the ecosystem services can solve the distribution of natural resources between different purposes, protect the natural ecosystem and benefit the mankind better. With the support of GIS and RS, this study uses the modified general soil erosion equation (RULSE model) to collect and sort the data of the precipitation data, soil type data, DEM data and land use type data of the research area for many years, using the modified general soil erosion equation (RULSE model). According to the data of remote sensing image data and vegetation coverage, the soil erosion amount and the erosion intensity level in 2000, 2005 and 2010 were evaluated, and the change characteristics and driving factors of the supply and demand time-time distribution of the soil erosion control service and the flood control service were analyzed. The paper analyzes the problem of supply and demand balance by using the overlay tool, and points out the reason why the supply and demand of the individual counties are not balanced. The results show that: (1) In the field of soil erosion, in 2010, the maximum soil erosion modulus in the Linfen section of the Fenhe River is 4163.9. 1t/ (km2 路 a), the total erosion area is 10928km2, and the erosion intensity is dominated by the micro-degree and the slight erosion. The total amount of soil erosion in the study area is 229-105t/ a, the annual average soil erosion modulus is 2094. 96t/ (km2 路 a), and the erosion amount is dominated by very strong, moderate and severe erosion. In 2000, the maximum soil erosion modulus is 16221t/ (km2 路 a), the total erosion amount is 87.7. 05-104t/ a. The maximum soil erosion modulus in 2005 is 28724. 6t/ (km2 路 a). The total erosion amount is 131.44-104t/ a. (2) In 2000-2010, the micro-degree erosion area of the Linfen section of the Fenhe River is decreasing year by year, and the mild erosion is basically unchanged, and the moderate, strong, very strong and violent erosion are increasing year by year, and the erosion amount of each grade is the same as that of the erosion area. The intensity of soil erosion and the amount of erosion decrease from the mountain areas on both sides to the central basin, and the middle part of the basin is dominated by the micro-degree and the slight erosion, and the mountain areas on both sides are dominated by high-intensity erosion, and the Luliang Mountain in the west is higher than the Taiyue Mountain in the east and the Hoshan. (3) The soil erosion amount and the erosion modulus increase with the increase of the slope, then decrease, 25 掳 is the critical slope of the erosion amount; in the same way, the soil erosion amount and the erosion modulus increase with the increase of the elevation, and then decrease, and the critical elevation is 1500m; from the land use type, The contribution of the dry land to soil erosion is the largest, accounting for more than 96% of the total erosion, and the amount of forest erosion is the least; the main soil type in the study area is the yellow soil and the brown soil, and both the erosion amount and the erosion modulus are higher than the other soil. (4) The supply area of soil erosion control service is the mountainous area with higher vegetation coverage, such as the forest and grassland on both sides of the Fenhe valley, and the demand area is the farmland, residential area, commercial area and reservoir in the Linfen section of the Fenhe River. It is found that the supply and demand of the supply area and the demand area are superposed, and it is found that the supply and demand of supply and demand in the Yao Dui district, the Linfen County, the Quang County and the Houma City have an extremely unbalanced phenomenon, and the demand is significantly higher than that of the supply. Therefore, these counties need to increase the protection of afforestation and existing vegetation, and increase the supply amount. (5) The supply area of the flood control service is the forest, the grassland and the reservoir in the flood-affected area and the affected area of the flood, and the demand area is the area that is vulnerable to the flood disaster, including the residential area, the farmland and the commercial building, etc. of the heavy rain area and the heavy rain influence area. The supply area and the demand area are superposed, and it can be seen that the supply and demand of the individual counties are not balanced, and the supply is very small in Quowu County, Houma City, Yaodu District, Hongdong County and Linfen County with higher demand. Therefore, in these counties, it is necessary to increase the protection of afforestation and existing vegetation, and pay attention to ensuring the flood discharge capacity of the river course.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S157
[Abstract]:The ecosystem service is the benefit of mankind from the ecosystem. According to the Millennium Development Assessment (MA) report of the United Nations, 15 of the 24 ecosystem services evaluated by the Global Ecosystem Services are in the process of degradation and seriously threaten the survival and development of human beings, The research of the supply and demand of the ecosystem services can solve the distribution of natural resources between different purposes, protect the natural ecosystem and benefit the mankind better. With the support of GIS and RS, this study uses the modified general soil erosion equation (RULSE model) to collect and sort the data of the precipitation data, soil type data, DEM data and land use type data of the research area for many years, using the modified general soil erosion equation (RULSE model). According to the data of remote sensing image data and vegetation coverage, the soil erosion amount and the erosion intensity level in 2000, 2005 and 2010 were evaluated, and the change characteristics and driving factors of the supply and demand time-time distribution of the soil erosion control service and the flood control service were analyzed. The paper analyzes the problem of supply and demand balance by using the overlay tool, and points out the reason why the supply and demand of the individual counties are not balanced. The results show that: (1) In the field of soil erosion, in 2010, the maximum soil erosion modulus in the Linfen section of the Fenhe River is 4163.9. 1t/ (km2 路 a), the total erosion area is 10928km2, and the erosion intensity is dominated by the micro-degree and the slight erosion. The total amount of soil erosion in the study area is 229-105t/ a, the annual average soil erosion modulus is 2094. 96t/ (km2 路 a), and the erosion amount is dominated by very strong, moderate and severe erosion. In 2000, the maximum soil erosion modulus is 16221t/ (km2 路 a), the total erosion amount is 87.7. 05-104t/ a. The maximum soil erosion modulus in 2005 is 28724. 6t/ (km2 路 a). The total erosion amount is 131.44-104t/ a. (2) In 2000-2010, the micro-degree erosion area of the Linfen section of the Fenhe River is decreasing year by year, and the mild erosion is basically unchanged, and the moderate, strong, very strong and violent erosion are increasing year by year, and the erosion amount of each grade is the same as that of the erosion area. The intensity of soil erosion and the amount of erosion decrease from the mountain areas on both sides to the central basin, and the middle part of the basin is dominated by the micro-degree and the slight erosion, and the mountain areas on both sides are dominated by high-intensity erosion, and the Luliang Mountain in the west is higher than the Taiyue Mountain in the east and the Hoshan. (3) The soil erosion amount and the erosion modulus increase with the increase of the slope, then decrease, 25 掳 is the critical slope of the erosion amount; in the same way, the soil erosion amount and the erosion modulus increase with the increase of the elevation, and then decrease, and the critical elevation is 1500m; from the land use type, The contribution of the dry land to soil erosion is the largest, accounting for more than 96% of the total erosion, and the amount of forest erosion is the least; the main soil type in the study area is the yellow soil and the brown soil, and both the erosion amount and the erosion modulus are higher than the other soil. (4) The supply area of soil erosion control service is the mountainous area with higher vegetation coverage, such as the forest and grassland on both sides of the Fenhe valley, and the demand area is the farmland, residential area, commercial area and reservoir in the Linfen section of the Fenhe River. It is found that the supply and demand of the supply area and the demand area are superposed, and it is found that the supply and demand of supply and demand in the Yao Dui district, the Linfen County, the Quang County and the Houma City have an extremely unbalanced phenomenon, and the demand is significantly higher than that of the supply. Therefore, these counties need to increase the protection of afforestation and existing vegetation, and increase the supply amount. (5) The supply area of the flood control service is the forest, the grassland and the reservoir in the flood-affected area and the affected area of the flood, and the demand area is the area that is vulnerable to the flood disaster, including the residential area, the farmland and the commercial building, etc. of the heavy rain area and the heavy rain influence area. The supply area and the demand area are superposed, and it can be seen that the supply and demand of the individual counties are not balanced, and the supply is very small in Quowu County, Houma City, Yaodu District, Hongdong County and Linfen County with higher demand. Therefore, in these counties, it is necessary to increase the protection of afforestation and existing vegetation, and pay attention to ensuring the flood discharge capacity of the river course.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S157
【参考文献】
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