模拟酸雨对土壤呼吸影响的研究进展

发布时间：2018-12-18 06:27

【摘要】：土壤呼吸是陆地生态系统与大气环境之间进行碳交换的主要途径,在全球碳循环和碳平衡中占有极其重要的地位。全球变化背景下,由于人类活动而导致日益严重的酸雨问题,其对土壤呼吸的影响越来越受到国内外学者的广泛关注。酸雨导致土壤酸化,对土壤微生物代谢活动、植物地上地下生长以及凋落物分解等产生影响,进而影响土壤呼吸。该文综述了模拟酸雨对森林生态系统和农田生态系统土壤呼吸影响的三种结果,即抑制、促进和无影响;酸雨影响土壤呼吸的差异受到酸雨酸性、酸雨处理持续时间以及植被类型、植物生长季节、植被演替阶段以及土壤理化性质等生物和非生物因素的综合影响。低强度和高强度酸雨都倾向于降低土壤呼吸的温度敏感性(Q_(10))。从影响土壤呼吸的四个关键的生物因子,即光合作用、凋落物、微生物、根系生物量,分析了模拟酸雨影响土壤呼吸的潜在机制;但是酸雨影响土壤呼吸的过程复杂,使得土壤呼吸对酸雨的部分响应机理仍存在不确定性。在此基础上总结了现有研究存在的不足,提出了今后需要给予重点关注的四个方面的研究:(1)不同类型生态系统对酸雨响应的研究;(2)土壤各组分呼吸对酸雨响应的研究;(3)模拟酸雨与其他外界因素的共同作用研究;(4)与土壤呼吸相关的生物因子对酸雨响应的研究。
[Abstract]:Soil respiration is the main way of carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystem and atmospheric environment, which plays an extremely important role in the global carbon cycle and carbon balance. Under the background of global change, the problem of acid rain is becoming more and more serious due to human activities, and its influence on soil respiration has been paid more and more attention by scholars at home and abroad. Acid rain caused soil acidification, which affected soil microbial metabolism, plant growth above ground and litter decomposition, and then affected soil respiration. In this paper, three results of simulated acid rain on soil respiration in forest ecosystem and farmland ecosystem are summarized, which are inhibition, promotion and no effect. The effects of acid rain on soil respiration were influenced by acid rain acidity, acid rain treatment duration, vegetation type, plant growth season, vegetation succession stage and soil physical and chemical properties. Both low and high intensity acid rain tended to reduce the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10). The potential mechanism of simulated acid rain affecting soil respiration was analyzed from four key biological factors, namely photosynthesis, litter, microorganism and root biomass. However, the process of acid rain affecting soil respiration is complicated, and the mechanism of partial response of soil respiration to acid rain is still uncertain. On this basis, the shortcomings of the existing research are summarized, and four aspects that need to be paid attention to in the future are put forward: (1) the study on the response of different types of ecosystems to acid rain; (2) the response of soil components respiration to acid rain; (3) the interaction between simulated acid rain and other external factors; (4) the response of biological factors related to soil respiration to acid rain.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学环境学院;华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院;浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41101182)~~
【分类号】：S714;S154

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